Transcript Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Perennial herbs, trees, shrubs. Usually milky latex. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Flower actinomorphic, 5-merous. Corolla 5 petals united into a tube. Androecium.

Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Perennial herbs, trees, shrubs.
Usually milky latex.
Leaves opposite, simple, entire.
Flower actinomorphic, 5-merous.
Corolla 5 petals united into a tube.
Androecium of 5 epipetalous stamen.
Massive stigmatic area: Cavuncle.
Fruit: follicle, berry, capsule.
Seeds often comose.
Apocyanum “dogbane” Amsonia “blue star”
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Asclepidaceae
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Perennial herbs, shrubs.
Usually milky latex.
Leaves opposite, simple, entire.
Flower actinomorphic, bisexual, 5-merous, hypogenous.
Inflorescence umbellate.
Calyx of 5 basally connate sepals.
Corolla of 5 united petals - specialized.
2 carpels.
Specialized corolla structure corona - hoods (5), beaks (5), pistil
gynostegeum grooves (5), anthers - pollinia (5)
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Asclepidaceae
Perennial herbs, shrubs.
2.
Usually milky latex.
3.
Leaves opposite, simple, entire.
4.
Flower actinomorphic, bisexual, 5-merous, hypogenous.
5.
Inflorescence umbellate.
6.
Calyx of 5 basally connate sepals.
7.
Corolla of 5 united petals - specialized.
8.
2 carpels.
9.
Specialized corolla structure corona - hoods (5), beaks (5),
pistil - gynostegeum grooves (5), anthers - pollinia (5)
10.
Fruit: Follicle.
Asclepias “milkweeds”
1.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Polygonales
Family:polygonaceae “smartweeds”


1. Herbs with swollen nodes.
2. Leaves with nodal ocrae.
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Polygonales
Family:polygonaceae
“smartweeds”
1. Herbs with swollen nodes.








2. Leaves with nodal ocrae.
3. No corolla.
4. Calyx petaloid (mostly
closed).
5. 3 carpels
Polygonum “smartweeds”
Rumex “buckwheats” “dock”
Rheum “rhubarb”
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Polygonales
Family:polygonaceae
“smartweeds”
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Polygonales
Family:polygonaceae “smartweeds”



Polygonum “smartweeds”
Rumex “buckwheats” “dock”
Rheum “rhubarb”
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)
1.
Roots are always fibrous. Perennial grasses may have rhizomes.
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae (Gramineae)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Roots are always fibrous. Perennial grasses may have rhizomes.
Shoots are called culms.
Leaves are parallel-veined. Sheath, ligulle, blade
Flowers (florets) are always clustered into spiklets.
- 2 stigmas, 3 stamen (long filaments), No calyx or corolla!
- each floret is enclosed by two scales: lemma (may be awned), Palea

Poa, Bromus, Andropogon
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Cyperales
Family: Cyperaceae “sedges”
1.
2.
Herbs, stems often triangular, solid.
Leaves 3-rankes; sheaths closed; no ligules.
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Cyperales
Family: Cyperaceae “sedges”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Perennial or annual herbs, stems often triangular, solid.
Leaves 3-rankes; sheaths closed; no ligules.
Flowers subtended by a single bract, lodicule absent.
Perianth if present represented by bristles or scales.
Androecium 1 – 3; gynecium 2 – 3 if present, superior.
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Cyperales
Family: Cyperaceae “sedges”
Perennial or annual herbs, stems often triangular, solid.
2.
Leaves 3-rankes; sheaths closed; no ligules.
3.
Flowers subtended by a single bract, lodicule absent.
4.
Perianth if present represented by bristles or scales.
5.
Androecium 1 – 3 if present; gynecium 2 – 3 if present, superior;
perigynium sometimes covers pistil.
6.
Plants monoecious ir dioecious.
7.
Spikelets are usually solitary subtended by 1 bract; arrangement of
spikelets in various types of inforescences, each inflorescence subtended
by 1 or more bracts.
8.
700 genera and 4000 species worldwide, esp. in temperate and cold
regions.
Cyperus “sedges”…Cyperus papyrus made into paper..2400 B.C. Egypt
Carex “sedges”, Scirpus “bulrushes”, Eleocharis “spike rushes”
1.
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Cyperales
Family: Cyperaceae “sedges”
Carex “sedges”
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Cyperales
Family: Cyperaceae “sedges”
Scirpus “bulrushes”
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Cyperales
Family: Cyperaceae “sedges”
Eleocharis “spike rushes”