Transcript Chapter 9 Intermediate Sanctions and Community Corrections Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th the arguments for intermediate sanctions  traditional probation does not work with most offenders; they need more 

Chapter 9
Intermediate
Sanctions and
Community
Corrections
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
the arguments for
intermediate sanctions
 traditional
probation does not work
with most offenders;
they need more
 but imprisonment is too much:
too restrictive for many offenders
 justice is best served by options
between these extremes
probation
I
prison
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
“continuum of
sanctions”

definition
a range of correctional
management strategies
which vary in degrees of
intrusiveness & control
over an offender; the
offender is moved up or
down along the
continuum, based on his
or her response to
correctional programs
along the spectrum of
options…
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
eg, continuum of sanctions
most severe
10
9
8
7
6
5
least severe
4
3
2
1
0
probat.
int.
supr v.
prob.
r esti t./
fi ne
com m.
ser v.
subst.
abuse
tr tmt
day
r eport.
house
arr est/
montr .
hal fway
house
boot
camp
pri son &
jail
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
annual costs of prison vs.
intermediate sanctions
$25,000
$23,707
Data are for Colorado, Ohio,
North Carolina, Virginia.
$20,000
$17,794
$15,000
$12,494 $12,494
$10,000
$2,781 $2,759 $2,292
$2,011
$5,000
$869
$402
$0
boot
cam p
pri s on h alfway
h ou se
jai l
day
reptg
com m.
s erv.
ISP
e le ct. probat.
mon i tor
h ou se
arre s t
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
“community
corrections acts”
definition
 legislative
enactments in a number of states
which provide financial incentives for local
governments to keep offenders in local
corrections agencies/programs, rather than
sending them to state prisons
 eg, old “California Probation Subsidy” program
 Minnesota = 1st CCA, 1973; currently 27 states
 3 aims:
 keep people out of prison;
by providing help in community
 reduce tax revenues spent on corrections
 reduce prison populations; save beds for
hard-core offenders
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
administration of intermediate
sanctions?
the judiciary
the community
the institution
• restitution
• pretrial diversion
• fines (>$1billion/yr)
• forfeiture (RICO; >$1 billion-drugs)
• intensive supervision • work furlough
• electronic monitoring • medical treatment
• home confinement
• drugs
• day reporting centers
• psychological
• probation center
• day reporting ctr
• restitution center
• shock incarceration • fire, forestry camps
• boot camp
• intermittent sent.
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
“day fine”

definition
a financial criminal penalty
based on the amount of
income an offender earns
in a day’s work;
 in
X days of
income
effect, offender is
sentenced to a specified
number of days’ worth of
income, irrespective of his
or her individual income
level
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
“restitution”

definition
compensation for financial, physical,
or emotional loss caused by an
offender, in the form of either
monetary payment to the victim (or a
public fund for crime victims) or work
at a service project in the community
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
problems with
intermediate sanctions
 selecting
 selecting
the agency (who administers?)
offender (who should receive?)
 selecting
the sentence
 widening
the net
 based on offense severity?
 based on offender needs?
 the troublesome issue of “stakes”
 problem
of interchangeability
 wider nets (catch more offenders)
 stronger nets (harder to escape control)
 different nets (different kinds of control)
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
“stakes”

definition
the potential losses to victims
& CJS if offender fails; stakes
include injury from new crimes
+ public pressure resulting
from negative publicity
 relevance:
most “appropriate” sentence may
not be “available” because of public/political
pressure/concerns.
 eg, high-profile offender simply can’t be
paroled or put on probation.
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th
“principle of
interchangeability”
definition
 idea
that different types of intermediate
sanction can be calibrated so that they may
be compared quantitatively with one other,
despite significant differences in approach
Are these the same?
Which is equivalent to another?
4 months of
boot camp?
or 12 months of
home confinement?
or 8 months of
community service?
or
$10,000?
Clear & Cole, American Corrections, 6th