Transcript Prejudice Basics  What is prejudice? Prej vs. stereotypes vs. discrimination  Does it have to be negative?  Does it have to.

Prejudice
Basics
 What is prejudice? Prej vs. stereotypes vs. discrimination
 Does it have to be negative?
 Does it have to be held by high status group?
 Is it implicit or explicit or both? (IAT?)
 How can it be measured?
Sneetches (Dr. Seuss)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBCUkdd57qc
What causes prejudice?
 Dual process models
 Learning perspectives
 Intergroup perspectives
 Motivational approaches
 Cognitive approaches
 Threat approaches
 Evolutionary approaches
 Individual difference approaches
 Automaticity
Effects on those stigmatized
 Stereotype threat (Steele, Aronson, others)
 System justification (Jost, others)
Intergroup relations
 How is this similar and different from research on prejudice?
Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner)
 vs. self-categorization theory
 What does the theory suggest?
 Minimal group paradigm (Tajfel, 1970)
 What are our social identities? What determines what is salient?
 What do these social identities do for us?
 How can we deal with a negative social identity? What determines
choice?
 Ingroup positivity vs. outgroup derogation
 Relative deprivation
 Brewer’s Optimal Distinctiveness Theory
Threat theories
 Realistic group conflict theory (Sherif, 1966)
 Robber’s Cave study
 Integrated threat theory (Stephan & Stephan, 2000)
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Realistic threats
Symbolic threats
Intergroup anxiety
Negative stereotypes
 Intergroup emotions theory (Smith, 1993)
 Fear, disgust, contempt, anger, jealousy
 Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2008: status and competition
(competence and warmth)
Contact
 Contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954)
 Need what?
 How likely/common are these conditions?
 When is contact bad?
 Decategorization vs. recat vs. mutual differentiation vs.
nested or cross-cutting identities—what should be our goal?
 Common in-group identity model (Gaertner & Dovidio,
2000)
JSM Model (Crandall & Eshleman,
2003)
 What is their view of prejudice?
 What is “genuine prejudice”? Is it an implicit attitude?
 What is new in this model?
 Is this a Freudian theory?
 What factors lead to GP?
 Do we know what our real levels of GP are?
 What is the role/effect of education? Group affiliation?
 Is there a prejudiced person, or many prejudices?
 What are the implications of the model for prejudice
reduction?
Suppression
 What is suppression?
 How can you test for suppression?
 What are sources of suppression?
 What makes it harder?
 How can we make it easier?
Justifications
 What are they?
 Examples
 Status quo
 Social hierarchy
 Attributions
 Covering
 Beliefs
 Intergroup processes
 What is the difference between justification and suppression?
Table 1
Integrated Model of Prejudice (Dovidio
& Gaertner, 1998)
 Research by Nail and Harton
 Liberals vs. conservatives
 Modern vs. Aversive racism
 How does this fit in with JSM?
Chan, 2014
 What was the purpose of this article?
 How does this relate to the JSM?
 What are other ways the media can shape prejudice and
identities?
Evolutionary approach (Schaller &
Neuberg, 2013)
 How should people approach evolutionary hypotheses?
 What is the function of prejudice, according to these authors?
 Why do we automatically distinguish in and out groups?
 Do we use the same cues for threat as in our Pleistocene
past?
 What effects does the threat have on us?
 What does this approach add that’s new?
From Neuberg & Cottrell, 2006
Threat to ingroup Cues to threat
Emotion
Physical safety
Large size, male,
anger
Fear/flight responses Dark, belief in DW
Physical health
Unclean, deformed
Disgust/avoidance
response
Competence
Have more resources Envy; increase own
resources
Group morality
Hurt by ingroup
Guilt/justify, help
Group functioning
due to inability to
reciprocate
disabled
Pity/sympathy
Avoidance response
Benefit ingroup
Admiration/
Approach response
Reciprocity relations Unfamiliar
by choice (social
coordination,
Anger/fight
response
moderators
Contact, PVD,
pregnancy, being
sick, priming, disgust
Eco stress, PWE
 What types of evidence do they provide?
 Why should the moderators involved have an effect?
 How does being a minority vs. majority (framing) affect
threat responses?
 Should it be stronger for men or women?
 Priyanka Joshi thesis
Disease
 What is the “behavioral immune system”?
 Tom Dirth thesis
 Neal Pollack thesis
 Sample studies
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Faces
Ageism
Physical disability
Fat
Foreigners
Gay men
 Moderators
Overall
 What does the evolutionary approach add?
 How do they reconcile this approach with RWA/SDO?
 What are the implications of this approach for prejudice
reduction?
 So if there were no more disease or crime, would everything
be hunky-dorey?