Transcript Vocabulary Review Ch 45 – Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems The tissue made of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement Muscle tissue.

Vocabulary Review
Ch 45 – Skeletal,
Muscular, and
Integumentary
Systems
The tissue made of
cells that can
contract and relax to
produce movement
Muscle tissue
A voluntary muscle
that is attached to
the bones and that
moves parts of the
body
Skeletal muscle
The elongated muscle that
is not under voluntary
control and that is found
in the digestive tract,
blood vessels, glands, and
hair follicles, but not in
the heart
Smooth muscle
The type of
involuntary muscle
found in the heart
Cardiac muscle
The tissue of the
nervous system, which
consists of neurons,
their supporting cells,
and connective tissue
Nervous tissue
A nerve cell that is
specialized to receive
and conduct electrical
impulses
Neurons
A tissue that is
composed of a sheet
of cells and that
covers a body surface
or lines a body cavity
Epithelial tissue
A tissue that has a
lot of intracellular
substance and that
connects and supports
other tissues
Connective tissue
An extracellular
substance that gives
connective tissue its
strength and flexibility;
can be solid, semisolid,
or liquid
Matrix
A collection of tissues
that carry out a
specialized function
of the body
Organ
The area of the skull
within which the brain
rests
Cranial cavity
The hollow part of
the body that
contains the spinal
cord
Spinal cavity
A dome-shaped
muscle that is
attached to the lower
ribs and that
functions as the main
muscle in respiration
Diaphragm
The part of the
human body cavity
that is between the
neck and the abdomen
and that contains the
heart and the lungs
Thoracic cavity
The hollow part of the
body that is below the
diaphragm and above the
pelvis; contains the organs
of digestion, excretion,
and reproduction
Abdominal cavity
The hollow part of the
body that is below the
abdominal cavity that
contains the organs of
the reproductive and
excretory systems
Pelvic cavity
The bones of a human
or animal body that
form the framework of
the body, support the
muscles and organs and
protect the inner
organs
Skeleton
The bones of the
skull, ribs, vertebral
column, and sternum
Axial skeleton
The bones of the
arms and legs, along
with scapula, clavicle,
and pelvis
Appendicular
skeleton
A white, double-layered
membrane that covers the
entire surface of bone
except for the joint
surfaces, it is richly
supplied with nerve fibers
and blood vessels
Periosteum
The layer of bone
that is just beneath
the periosteum and
that gives that bone
its strength and
rigidity
Compact bone
A channel containing
blood vessels in
compact bone tissue
Haversian canal
A bone cell
Osteocyte
Less dense bone
tissue that has many
open spaces
Spongy bone
Soft tissue inside
bones where red and
white blood cells are
produced
Bone marrow
An injury in which the
tissue of a bone is
broken
Fracture
The process by which
cartilage is converted
into bone
Ossification
The point at which bones
elongate during growth; it
is found at joint ends of
long bones, is composed of
cartilage, and becomes an
epiphyseal line in mature
bones
Epiphyseal plate
A place where two or
more bones meet
Joint
A joint at which no
movement occurs;
examples include the
joints between the
bones of the skull
Fixed joint
A joint at which limited
movement occurs;
examples include the
joints between the
bones of the vertebral
column
Semimovable
joint
A joint at which a wide
range of motion occurs;
examples include balland-socket, hinge,
pivot, saddle, and
gliding joints
Movable joint
A type of connective
tissue that holds
together the bones in
a joint
Ligament
The transparent fluid
that lubricates joints
Synovial fluid
A chronic immune
system disorder that
causes stiff and
painful joints
Rheumatoid
arthritis
A degenerative joint
disease in which the
cartilage covering the
surface of the bones
becomes thinner and
rougher
Osteoarthritis
A multinucleate
muscle cell, especially
of skeletal or cardiac
muscle tissue
Muscle fiber
Dense bundles of
muscle fibers –
groups of fascicles
form muscles
Fascicle
A muscle whose
movement can be
consciously controlled
Voluntary muscle
A bundle of
threadlike structures
found within a
striated muscle cell
and mostly made up
of actin and myosin
Myofibril
The most abundant
protein in muscle
tissue and the main
constituent of the
thick filaments of
muscle fibers
Myosin
A protein that makes
up the thin filaments
of muscle fibers and
that functions in the
contraction and
relaxation of muscle
Actin
The line formed by
the attachment of
actin filaments
between two
sarcomeres of a
muscle fiber in
striated muscle cells
Z line
The basic unit of
contraction in skeletal
and cardiac muscle
Sarcomere
A tough connective
tissue that attaches
a muscle to a bone or
to another body part
Tendon
In anatomy, the point
at which a muscle
attaches to a
stationary bone
Origin
In anatomy, the point
at which a muscle is
attached to a moving
bone
Insertion
A muscle that bends
a joint
Flexor
A muscle that
straightens a joint
Extensor
The physiological
inability of a muscle
to contract; results
from a depletion of
ATP
Muscle fatigue
The extra amount of oxygen
that must be taken in by the
body to replenish the muscles’
oxygen reserves and to allow
for the breakdown of lactic
acid within the muscles,
especially after strenuous
activity
Oxygen debt
The outer surface
layer of cells of a
plant or animal
Epidermis
A hard protein that
forms hair, bird
feathers, nails, and
horns
Keratin
A pigment that helps
determine skin color
Melanin
The layer of skin
below the epidermis
Dermis
A gland that
discharges its
secretions through a
duct
Exocrine gland
An exocrine gland
that secretes sweat;
these glands are
distributed over the
skin surface of most
of the body
Sweat gland
An exocrine gland
that secretes an oily
substance called
sebum; also known as
a sebaceous gland
Oil gland
The oily secretion of
the sebaceous glands
Sebum