Transcript INTEGRATED LONG TERM OBSERVATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT Gelsomina Pappalardo Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Metodologie per.

INTEGRATED LONG TERM
OBSERVATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE
IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL
ON CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT
Gelsomina Pappalardo
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto di Metodologie
per l’Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA)
[email protected]
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Outline
• Introduction
• Lidar aerosol observations
• Ground-based European Observing System
• Global Scale
• Summary and remarks
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
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Aerosols are very difficult to handle in models
Aerosols are produced by many different processes, some sources are localized, others are distributed
over large volumes
Aerosols interact dynamically in a nonlinear way (nucleation, condensation, coagulation, deposition)
Aerosols can be transported over large distances
Measurements are needed to assess and improve understanding of
aerosol processes and their treatment in models
- in situ measurements
- Ground based remote sensing measurements
- Aircraft measurements
- Satellite measurements
Strong need for an integrated approach for characterizing aerosol climate
impacts and environmental interactions
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European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
2012
● since 2000
● 27 lidar stations
- 12 multiwavelength Raman lidar
stations
backscatter (355, 532 and 1064 nm) +
extinction (355 and 532 nm) + depol ratio
(532 nm)
- 8 Raman lidar stations
- 7 single backscatter lidar stations
● comprehensive, quantitative, and
statistically significant data base
● Continental and long-term scale
www.earlinet.org
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EARLINET: European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
First tool for 4D aerosol measurements on continental
scale
●
●
Quality assurance program
- Instruments
- Data analysis
Predefined measurement schedule (3 per week) → unbiased
Coordinated network observations for special events (e.g.,
Saharan dust, forest fires, photochemical smog, diurnal cycle,
volcanic eruptions)
●
●
Standardized data format
●
Access to data via centralized data base
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TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
EARLINET activities: “Saharan dust”
Since May 2000 we have observed more than 400 Saharan dust events
First statistical analysis for Saharan dust observations starting from the first 3 years of operation of the
network Papayannis et al., JGR 2008
DREAM Forecast profile is provided for each EARLINET station
A systematic comparison between DREAM model and lidar observations is in progress
EARLINET is contributing to the WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDSWAS)
Pathways of Saharan Dust
Transport over Europe
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Volcanic eruptions
Long-term observations of stratospheric aerosol at
Garmisch-Partenkinrken
Trickl et al., ACPD 2012
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Volcano eruptions in the North Pacific region 2008-2009
Sarichev plume over Potenza, Italy 27 June 2009
D’Amico et al., 2010
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The Eyjafjallajökull eruption (April – May 2010)
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ACTRIS
Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network
Type of funding scheme: Combination of Collaborative Projects and Coordination and Support Actions for
Integrating Activities
Work programme topics addressed: FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1
Support to existing research infrastructures/ Integrating Activities
INFRA-2010-1-1.1.16: Research Infrastructures for Atmospheric Research
1 April 2011 – 31 March 2015
ACTRIS aims at integrating European ground-based stations
equipped with advanced atmospheric probing instrumentation for
aerosols, clouds and short-lived gas-phase species.
ACTRIS will have the essential role to support building of new
knowledge as well as policy issues on climate change, air quality
and long-range transport of pollutants.
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
MERGING EXISTING NETWORKS
Harmonized measurements
of physical, chemical and
optical aerosol properties
CREATE
FP5 EUSAAR
FP6
Advanced laser remote
sensing for 4-D spatioEARLINET temporal distribution
of aerosols
FP5+6
Climate
Observation of
vertical profiles
of important cloud
parameters
CLOUDNET
FP5
Weather
Long-range transport
Air Quality &
Health
APRIORI
Measurement of
atmospheric precursor
compounds
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Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network
Objectives
Sustainable network of coordinated long-term
atmospheric observations in Europe
 High-quality data relevant to climate and air quality research on the
regional scale
 Centralised data centre
 Access to world-class research infrastructures and advanced
instrumentation
 Training of researchers and young scientists
 New technologies and integration tools for ground-based observations of
relevant atmospheric parameters
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TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACTRIS OBSERVATION NETWORK
 Ground-based
component of global
Earth Observation
System
 Provision of advanced
data products and
services
 Response to user
needs (AEROCOM,
GMES, ECMWF,
research, policy-driven
networks, natural
hazards)
 Support policy issues
on climate change, air
quality, and health
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACTRIS sites offering Trans National Access
AMO
Auchencorth Moss
Cabauw Experimental Site for
Atmospheric Research
Penicuik, United Kingdom
CIAO
CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory
Potenza, Italy
FKL
Finokalia
Hohenpeissenberg Meteorological
Observatory
High Altitude Research Station
Jungfraujoch
Crete, Greece
Hohenpeissenberg,
Germany
CESAR
HPB
JFJ
Observatory of Atmospheric Physics of
MAIDO
Reunion Island - Maïdo Station
Lopik, The Netherlands
Switzerland
Reunion Island, France (at
20°60'S, 55°30'E)
MHD
Mace Head Atmospheric Research
Station
Carna, Ireland
PAL
SIRTA Atmospheric Observatory
Palaiseau, France
SMR
Station for Measuring Forest EcosystemHyytiälä, Finland
Atmosphere Relations - SMEAR II
RADO
Romanian Atmospheric research 3D
Observatory
Magurele, Romania
Opportunity for field campaigns, specific observations, training
Info how to apply at www.actris.net
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HIGH QUALITY DATA
ACTRIS is a network of networks / Federation of existing networks
Each network operates with a rigorous QA program for both
instrument and data processing
Observation strategy
Standardization of data and metadata
Integration is the added value
- at instrument level: exploiting the synergies among different
sensors and providing integrated advanced products
- at data base level: providing open access to a central data portal
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
ACTRIS Data Centre
● Centralised advanced information of key variables relevant to climate and air quality
research from representative environments and air mass types in Europe.
● Tools and applications for end users to facilitate the use of all measurements for
broad user communities (AEROCOM, ECMWF, ...)
● Harmonization with measurements of atmospheric components from other highly
relevant networks and programmes (e.g, GMES, MACC, EMEP).
● Access to the most comprehensive atmospheric data centre available worldwide
including in-situ aerosol and gas phase measurements, remote column aerosol
observations, vertical aerosol profile information and cloud observations.
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
GALION – the GAW Aerosol Lidar Observation Network
GALION is organized as a Network of Networks, coordinating
- the American Lidar Network (ALINE), Latin America ()
- Asian Dust and Aerosol Lidar Observation Network (AD-Net), East Asia ()
- CIS-LINET, Commonwealth of Independent States (Belarus, Russia and Kyrgyz Republic) LIdar NETwork ()
- the Canadian Operational Research Aerosol Lidar Network (CORALNet), Canada ()
- the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork (EARLINET), Europe ()
- Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Global Stratosphere ()
- CREST, Eastern North America ()
- the MicroPulse Lidar NETwork (MPLNET), Global ()
Climate research and assessment
Global climatology
Model evaluation
Aerosol transport and tracers
Impact on radiation
Air quality
Air quality assessment
Air quality forecast
Plumes from special events
Support for spaceborne observations
Ground truth
Complementary information
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TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Nabro volcanic eruption,
Africa June 2011
Sawamura et al., ERL 2012
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Integrated Global Aerosol Observing System
Global Products
RI for
Calibration
&
Quality Assurance
Data Archival and/or Access
Facilities
( e.g. WDCA; WDC-RSAT)
Real-Time Data Delivery
Reanalysis
Observations:
Satellites:
AllCALIPSO,
Sources
MODIS,
MISRMSG etc
Data Assimilation
By Forecast Models
Aircraft: IAGOS
Surface-based :
Remote sensing: AOD
Remote Sensing: GALION
In situ: PM, optical, etc
In situ: chemistry
(e.g. MACC;
SDS-WAS etc.)
Observation
Optimization
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Data Uses/Applications
Air Quality Warnings
WMO SDS-WAS Assessments
WMO SDS-WAS Warnings
Aerosol Bulletins
Surface and air transport
Improved Weather Forecasts
Improved Climate Prediction
Air/Surface Exchange & Emissions
C. Lund Myre, U. Baltensperger et
al., in preparation
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012
Summary and remarks
 Strong need for integrated long term atmospheric observations
 The key role of lidar techniques
 The European experience: ACTRIS: Integrated observations and advanced products;
Cooperation and coordination with the relevant observation and user communities
 At global scale GALION WMO-GAW, WMO-GCOS, GEOSS
 Federated approach in order to spread “best practice” for each particular
instrument/parameter
 Global research infrastructure for long-term sustained consistent observations of
aerosols properties on a global scale implemented through a consortium of existing
aerosol networks complementing satellite and environmental agencies
 This observing system should foster aerosol-related process studies, validation of
satellite sensors, model development and evaluation, assimilation of aerosol data into
operational models, and build a comprehensive aerosol climatology on a global scale
 This needs a coalition of research and an operational/regulatory observational
system
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
EARLINET, EUSAAR, CloudNet
European Commission contracts RICA-025991 (EARLINET-ASOS) and
262254 (ACTRIS)
WMO - GAW
European Space Agency
German Weather Service for the air mass back-trajectory analysis
NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT
backtrajectory analysis
NASA for MODIS, AERONET and CALIPSO
Maltese Euromediterranean Center (ICoD) and Barcelona Supercomputing
Center for Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (DREAM)
WMO TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION
TECO-2012, Brussels, Belgium, 16-18 October 2012