Transcript CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 9 Review Animals green plants Fungi humans bacteria In which of these organisms would you expect to find cellular respiration happening? All of them; all living things.

CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Chapter 9 Review
Animals
green plants
Fungi
humans
bacteria
In which of these organisms would
you expect to find cellular
respiration happening?
All of them; all living things need to
make ATP for energy
http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif
Which 2 carriers for high energy
electrons are used during cellular
respiration?
NADH and FADH2
Name the organelle where glucose is
burned and the energy is stored as ATP
mitochondria
O2
Which molecule acts as the
last electron acceptor to
make water?
How many carbons are in a
Pyruvic acid molecule?
3
Give the overall equation for cellular respiration
6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
Compare the equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
below with the equation for CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY → 6 O2 + C6H12O6
6 O2 + C6H12O6 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY
Cellular respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis
Name the 6 carbon molecule formed
in this reaction Citric acid
What happens to the Coenzyme A
after dropping off its 2 carbons?
Recycles back and picks up 2 more
carbons from pyruvic acid
How many ATP’s are produced
from each molecule of glucose that
completes cellular respiration all the way
through the Electron transport chain?
36 ATP’s are produced
The Krebs cycle is also called the
Citric acid
_______________
cycle.
Which pathway generates the most
energy from glucose?
FERMENTATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration
Which stage of respiration generates
the most ATP? ELECTRON TRANSPORT
Glycolysis = 2 ATP(net)
Krebs cycle = 2 ATP
Electron transport chain = 32 ATP (net)
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Identify the part:
E
Outer membrane
A = ______________
B = ______________
Intermembrane space
inner membrane
C = ______________
D = ________________
matrix
cytoplasm
E = ________________
(cristae)
Give the chemical equation for
Lactic acid fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+
After glycolysis, which pathway will
pyruvic acid follow if oxygen is present?
It will enter the Krebs cycle
Identify the 3 stages of cellular respiration:
glycolysis
#1 = _____________
Krebs cycle
#2 = _____________
Electron transport chain
#3 = _____________
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True or False
Only animal cells have mitochondria
False; both plants and animals have
mitochondria
How many carbons are in a glucose
Molecule?
6; C6H12O6
Give the chemical equation for
alcoholic fermentation
Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Cellular respiration begins with a
glycolysis
pathway called ______________
Where will the citric acid that is
produced here go next?
Cycle through the Krebs cycle
What will happen to the C’s in citric
acid that came from Acetyl-CoA?
Released into atmosphere as CO2
After glycolysis, what determines
which pathway pyruvic acid will
follow?
Presence or absence of oxygen
Name the two kinds of fermentation
Lactic acid and alcoholic
True or False
Glycolysis releases a great deal of energy.
False; only a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH
The 3 carbon molecule produced during
glycolysis is ________________
Pyruvic acid
Why can’t the energy in glucose
be released in just one step?
Too much at once; most of the energy
would be lost as light and heat
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm outside the
mitochondria
How many ATP’s must be added
to get glycolysis started?
2 ATP’s
Why can glycolysis supply energy
to cells when oxygen is not available?
Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen
How many ATP’s are produced
during glycolysis?
4 ATP’s are produced, but it took
2 ATP’s to get started so …
net of 2 ATP’s
What problem does a cell have when it
generates large amounts of ATP using
only glycolysis?
Once all the available NAD+ carriers
are filled up & glycolysis will stop
Which molecule is regenerated
during fermentation that allows
cells to continue to make ATP using
glycolysis when oxygen is low?
NAD+
Name the 3 pathways that make up
cellular respiration in order.
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
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Tell its location:
D
Where Krebs cycle happens = ___
Where is the Electron Transport Chain
C
found = ___
H+ ions accumulate here
B
during electron transport = ___
Place where glycolysis
happens= ___
E
Type of fermentation used to make
yogurt, cheese, saurkraut, kimchi,
buttermilk, etc.
Lactic acid fermentation
The energy produced by electrons
passing down the Electron Transport
chain are used to move which ion
into the intermembrane space?
H+ ions are pumped from the matrix and
accumulate in the intermembrane space
Which parts of cellular respiration
require oxygen?
Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain
Why is the Krebs cycle also called
the citric acid cycle?
Citric acid is the first compound formed
during the Krebs cycle
Which kind of fermentation puts
the air holes in bread?
Alcoholic fermentation releases
CO2 bubbles which pop and leave
holes in the bread
What is the final electron acceptor
at the end of the Electron Transport
Chain? oxygen
If alcoholic fermentation is what
makes bread rise, why don’t we get
intoxicated from eating the bread?
Alcohol evaporates during cooking
During short term exercise cells are using
which pathway to provide energy?
Lactic acid fermentation
cellular respiration
lactic acid fermentation
What happens to the CO2
produced when pyruvic acid is
broken down?
It is released into the atmosphere
What is the energy tally from
1 molecule of pyruvic acid during the
Krebs cycle?
4 NADH, 1FADH2 , and 1 ATP
Where is the intermembrane space
in this diagram?A
Which ion is moving across the
H+
membrane at the purple arrows?
Where will the NADH
produced in this
reaction go next
if oxygen is
present?
To electron transport chain
Where will the pyruvic acid go
next if oxygen is present?
Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle
Only about 38% of the energy in
glucose is recovered during cellular
respiration, what happens to the rest?
released as heat;
(doesn’t sound that good, but that’s more efficient
than the typical car engine is at burning gasoline)
The movement of which ion across
the inner mitochondrial membrane
causes ATP synthase to spin and make
ATP?
H+
Where does
the CO2
produced
here go next?
released to
the atmosphere
Reactions that happen
without oxygen are called
_____________________
anerobic
1 Calorie = ________
1000 calories
Storage form of glucose used by
animal cells that supplies long term
energy needs
glycogen
Which molecule do cells burn for
energy once glucose and glycogen
are used up?
fat
Where does the Krebs cycle take
place?
Mitochondrial Matrix
Where is the Electron Transport
Chain located?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
(cristae)
Name the
4 products
of the Krebs cycle
CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP
Which enzyme helper molecule
reacts with pyruvic acid to
for Acetyl-CoA?
Coenzyme A OR CoA
On which side of the membrane is
ATP produced during the
Electron Transport Chain reactions?
Mitochondrial matrix
What happens to pyruvic acid
during the Krebs cycle?
It is broken down into carbon dioxide
in a series of steps
Because fermentation does NOT
require oxygen it is said to be
__________________
anaerobic
A marathon runner needing energy for an
EXTENDED PERIOD of time is getting
his/her ATP from ___________________
A. photosynthesis
B. lactic acid fermentation
C. alcoholic fermentation
D. cellular respiration
D- cellular respiration
An athlete needing a QUICK BURST of
energy for a 50 yard dash is getting
his/her ATP from
A. cellular respiration
B. alcoholic fermentation
C. lactic acid fermentation
D. electron transport
C- lactic acid fermentation
Where does
the FADH2
produced
here go next?
to the Electron
transport chain
Where does the ATP produced
here go? Used by cell for
cellular activities
How many carbons are in
a molecule of citric acid?
6
During long term exercise, like a
marathon race or a soccer game, which
pathway is used by your muscles to
make ATP?
Cellular respiration
Because the Krebs cycle and
Electron Transport Chain REQUIRE
oxygen, they are said to be
aerobic
_____________________
What happens to the NADH and FADH2
produced during cellular respiration?
Their electrons enter the Electron
Transport Chain
H+
H+
H+
H+
Which ion is being pumped across
the membrane at the purple arrows
during electron transport ?
3 ATP
1 NADH carrier produces ___
from electron transport
Why does 1 molecule of FADH2
produce only 2 ATP during electron
transport?
It comes in farther down the electron
transport chain than NADH
Where does the Electron Transport
Chain get the high energy electrons
that are passed down the chain?
From NADH and FADH2
How does the location of the Electron
Transport Chain differ in eukaryotes
and prokaryotes?
In eukaryotes it is in the inner mitochondrial membrane;
in bacteria the chain is in the cell membrane
remember. . .no membrane bound organelles in bacteria!
What happens to the lactic acid
produced during intense
exercise?
it is broken down later when
oxygen is available
After glucose & glycogen stores are
FAT
used up, cells start to burn ________
for energy.
Name the reactants of cellular
respiration
O2 and glucose (C6H12O6)
Name the products formed during
cellular respiration
H20, carbon dioxide, energy (ATP)
Name the 4 products released
during the Krebs cycle
CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP
Name this reaction
glycolysis
How many carbon atoms are in
a molecule of glucose?
6
Name the stage of cellular respiration
that follows glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Where does this
Reaction happen?
In the cytoplasm
Where will the pyruvic acid go
next if oxygen is NOT present?
Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation
Where is the matrix in this diagram?
B
The red molecule is the diagram is
ATP synthase
__________________
Another name for the inner membrane
in a mitochondrion is the ________.
cristae
What happens to the
CO2 produced in this
reaction?
Released into
atmosphere when we exhale
DIAGRAM BY RIEDELL
Name the pathway
Electron transport
H+ ions and oxygen form water ________________
Lactic acid fermentation
Lactic acid is formed in muscles ______________________
A glucose molecule is broken down
glycolysis
into 2 pyruvic acid molecules _______________________
H+ ions build up in the
Electron transport
intermembrane space _________________________
Citric acid is broken down
Krebs cycle
in a series of steps into CO2 _____________________
Name the pathway
Alcohol and CO2 are produced
from pyruvic acid
______ ________________
Alcoholic
fermentation
Acetyl Co-A joins a 4 carbon
Krebs cycle
molecule to make citric acid ______________________
H+ ions pass from the intermembrane
Electron transport
space into the matrix to make ATP___________________
Oxygen acts as the last
Electron transport
electron acceptor and makes water____________________
Where will the NADH
produced in this
reaction go next
if oxygen is
present?
To electron transport chain
Where will the pyruvic acid go
next if oxygen is present?
Into mitochondria and Krebs cycle
Where does this
reaction happen?
In the cytoplasm
Where will the pyruvic acid go
next if oxygen is NOT present?
Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation
Where does this
Reaction happen?
In the cytoplasm
Where will the pyruvic acid go
next if oxygen is NOT present?
Stays in cytoplasm and does fermentation
What happens to the
CO2 produced in this
reaction?
Released into
atmosphere when
we exhale
Acetyl-CoA will join next with a
4 carbon molecule to make __________
Citric acid
What reaction
happens on the
matrix side of the
membrane when
ATP synthase spins?
A phosphate
is added to ADP
to make ATP