The Whole Student Keenyn R. Wald, LPC Mississippi State University Student Counseling Services.
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The Whole Student Keenyn R. Wald, LPC Mississippi State University Student Counseling Services $56,564.67 Overview • • • • Development over the life-span College Student Development Counseling Skills Counseling Services Life-Span Development Infancy 1-3 years Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt Early Childhood 3-5 years Initiative vs Guilt Middle/Late Childhood 6 years to puberty Industry vs Inferiority Adolescence 10-20 years Identity vs Identity Confusion Early Adulthood 20s-30s Intimacy vs Isolation Middle Adulthood 40s-50s Generativity vs Stagnation Late Adulthood 60s and onwards Integrity vs Despair Life-Span Development Infancy 1-3 years Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt Early Childhood 3-5 years Initiative vs Guilt Middle/Late Childhood 6 years to puberty Industry vs Inferiority Adolescence 10-20 years Identity vs Identity Confusion Early Adulthood 20s-30s Intimacy vs Isolation Middle Adulthood 40s-50s Generativity vs Stagnation Late Adulthood 60s and onwards Integrity vs Despair Come mothers and fathers Throughout the land And don't criticize What you can't understand Your sons and your daughters Are beyond your command Your old road is Rapidly agin' Please get out of the new one If you can't lend your hand For the times they are a-changin'. Dylan, B., 1964 Emerging Adulthood • 18-28 • Period of exploration and change • Role experimentation, finding the right “fit” Arnett, 2006 Emerging Adulthood • Semi autonomy • Students take on some of the responsibilities, but others they leave up to the care of parents Arnett, 2006 Emerging Adulthood • Psychological development is not inevitable • Think back to the vs stages of Erikson Arnett, 2006 Emerging Adulthood • Development is fostered when the student’s environment provides a balance of challenge and support Arnett, 2006 Emerging Adulthood • “the upward potential of youth is given wings by the encouragement, the wisdom and the leadership of adults far more than by any stirrings inherent in the adolescent’s nature” John J. Mitchell Emerging Adulthood • The goal of emerging adulthood is to transform into an adult Arnett, 2006 Emerging Adulthood • Accepting responsibility for one’s self, making independent decisions, and being financially independent Arnett, 2006 College Development College Development • Arthur Chickering • Identified seven vectors of development through the college years Chickering, 1993 Developing Competence • Intellectual • Social • Physical Chickering, 1993 Managing Emotions • Channel and release emotions, delay gratification, and tolerate some level of anxiety Chickering, 1993 Autonomy → Interdependence • Striving for self-sufficiency Chickering, 1993 Mature Interpersonal Relationships • Healthy and positive relationships characterized by tolerance and reciprocity • Increased appreciation of differences • Acceptance of flaws in self and others Chickering, 1993 Establishing Identity • Integrate different facets of self • “assembling a jigsaw puzzle” • A healthy self-concept through all phases of identity; vocational, personal, social • Self-acceptance Chickering, 1993 Developing Purpose • “many college students are all dressed up but do not know where they want to go. They have energy, but no destination. While they may have clarified who they are and where they came from, they have only the vaguest notion of who they want to be” Chickering, 1993 Developing Integrity • Question and examine inherited values, retain and/or revising some, discarding others, and adding new ones • Congruence between values and actions Chickering, 1993 Invisible suitcase storage unit Challenge and support What an amazing opportunity! Financial habits (+/-) formed at this age are likely to persist throughout adulthood Shim et al., 2009 $$ Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors acquired during this period can affect their lives profoundly Shim et al., 2009 Financial independence is a key to achieving “adult” status Shim et al., 2009 Student Loan Debt • MS • Avg: $27,322 • 57% of population with debt • AL • Avg: $26,450 • 53% of population with debt • Nat’l $29,400 projectstudentdebt.org ACHA/NCHA • Within the past 12 months, which of the following have been traumatic or very difficult to handle: • 33% of respondents • Only academics was higher with 44% Santrock, 2008 You get them at their best… …and at their worst And you get to impact them throughout Counseling Warning Signs Sudden change in behavior Hopelessness & helplessness Sleep disturbances Substance use High-risk behavior Repeated/frequent appointments Emotional distress Using funds for others Counseling • Depression • Anxiety • Transition to college Counseling • Relationship issues • Grief • Substance use Counseling • Academic Concerns • Identity issues • Eating disorders Counseling Skills What is good listening? Curiosity Eye Contact • Power differential • Culturally appropriate • Observe the students’ reaction and style – How well you are doing will be reflected Vocal Qualities • Tone and speech rate – I am happy to be here today. • Accents? Body Language • • • • Face them squarely and lean slightly forward Have an expressive face Use encouraging gestures Be yourself Empathy • Does not mean agreeing them about everything • Trying to view it from their perspective • Be genuine, use your own experiences Summarizing and Paraphrasing • Using their own words • Using your words Environment • • • • • What is in your office environment? Certifications Art Plants How are you defined by your space? Carl Rogers • Congruence • Unconditional Positive Regard • Empathy R.E.S.P.E.C.T.F.U.L. • • • • • Religious/Spiritual identity Economic class background Sexual identity Psychological maturity Ethnic/racial identity Lewis et al., 2011 R.E.S.P.E.C.T.F.U.L. • • • • • Chronological/developmental challenges Trauma and other threats to one’s well-being Family background and history Unique physical characteristics Location of residence and language differences Lewis et al., 2011 You can only do what you can do References • Santrock, J. W. (2008). Essentials for life-span development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. • Arnett, J. J. (2006). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York, NY: Oxford University Press • Chickering, A. W. & Reisser, L. (1993). Education and identity. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass • Lewis, J. A., Lewis, M. D., Daniels, J. A., & D’Andrea, M. J. (2011). Community Counseling: A Multicultural-social justice perspective. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole • Shim, S., Barber, B.L., Card, N.A., Xiao, J.J., & Serido, J. (2009). Financial socialization of first-year college students: The roles of parents, work, and education. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 39, 1457-1470.