Assessment for Transition Planning Assidere: Latin for assess Literal translation: to sit with.
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Assessment for Transition Planning Assidere: Latin for assess Literal translation: to sit with Einstein Not everything that counts can be counted; not everything that can be counted counts Wiggins The aim of assessment is to improve performance not merely audit it Transition Services Coordinated set of activities Designed within a results-oriented process Promotes movement from school to postschool activities Based on student’s needs, preferences & interests Activities: instruction, community experience, employment & adult living, daily living skills, functional vocational evaluation. Types of Assessments Formal Informal Alternative Types of Assessment Formal: any standardized battery that yields targeted information Over and above traditional psychoeducational testing Inability to translate results into useful planning info Informal Assessments Not standardized assessments Typically are teacher-made, teacher administered Result in information about how a student does in a particular context Measures performance on curriculum Typically still paper and pencil Informal Assessment Community-based vocational assessment Interviews and questionnaires Observations Ecological inventories Situational assessments Interest inventories Student Profile At times it is beneficial to have more detailed information concerning a student (I.e., a student may have severe challenges requiring more supports). A Student Profile questionnaire Identifies additional info.: student’s present level of performance his/her learning style community connections accommodations required in the community A student profile questionnaire Should be completed using a variety of techniques: Talk with the student Observe the student in various environments Ask other people in the student’s life Talk with past teachers, supervisors, etc. Review past records (in conjunction with above only) Parent/Guardian Survey Use the Parent/Guardian Survey to assist family members in preparing for the annual case conference Recommend that parents discuss the questions with the student as they complete the form. Distribute the survey at the beginning of the school year. Support phone calls (as needed) can be made throughout the year. Ask parents to bring the completed survey to their son/daughter’s annual case conference. Situational Assessment First step: task analysis (what does person need to do?) Collect information about how student performs on task analysis Collect information about how person without disability does job Collect information about other aspects of interacting with environment Why do we need alternatives to standardized testing? Parent issues: Few opportunities for involvement Information is deficit-focused Information is not relevant, hard to understand Why do we need alternatives to standardized testing? Student issues: They don’t feel involved Testing is done “to” student, not “with” Motivational factors: can influence validity of results Used to sort, rank, group according to what they can’t do Doesn’t give picture of whole person Legal issues IDEA calls for student involvement in transition planning (Based on preferences, interests, needs). Best practices call for student-directed transition planning. IDEA amendments require that we develop alternative assessments for those who cannot participate in regular assessment programs. What are alternative assessments? Alternatives to formal tests Broad view of student progress across time Dynamic Uses self-evaluation and continuous feedback Provide opportunities to learn and show what is learned in ways that make sense. What is performance assessment? Focus: what student can do Holistic view Measures complex constructs Done continuously Done with and by student Developed by student and others Focus on deficits and remediation Separate views of measurements Measures isolated facts Snapshot: end of unit, year Forced response to narrow questions Key points related to performance assessments Authentic Real problems and tasks in context Learn simple to complex What do professionals do? What tasks are key? What contexts? Feedback Clear Continuous Provides exemplars Specific and descriptive Encourages selfassessment Person-Centered Planning For some students, dreaming about the future is something they can’t do alone Goal of Person-Centered Planning To create a plan for a positive, possible future for those individuals who, without such a plan, would “fall through the cracks” of the adult service world. Example: Personal Futures Planning, PATH, MAPS, Circles of Support, Group Action Planning, Lifestyles Essential Planning Features of Person-Centered Planning Held at the convenience of the individual and her/his significant others Focus is on the positive Individual decides who will be “at the table” Individual directs process and participates as a team member Information and action plan displayed in a way that is easily understood by all (may include maps, pictures, graphics, colors) Process is FUN and welcoming MAPS: One type of PCP process What is Michelle’s history? Who is Michelle? What are Michelle’s dreams? What are Michelle’s fears? What are Michelle’s needs? What are Michelle’s strengths? What would an ideal day be like for Michelle (after high school)? Transition Assessment should provide: Clearer information about progress toward goals Clearer information for employers about student abilities Clearer information for student to use to make informed choices Transition Assessment Model Modified from Hughes & Carter’s Informal Transition Assessment Model pp. 54-57 Table 5.1 outlines the 8 steps that are part of the process Transition Assessment Model Step 1. Determine the purpose of the assessment What do you know about the student, what information is still missing/unknown Beside the student, assessment should include information about the setting(s), interactions, people, changing demands, etc. Transition Assessment Model Step 2. Identify relevant behaviors and environments These should be directly related to the purpose of the assessment Behaviors should be assessed within the environments in which they are expected to be performed. If behavior is performed in multiple environments, then the behavior should be assessed in multiple environments. Transition Assessment Model Step 3. Verify Steps 1 and 2 Verify selections with students and important others. “It is essential that decisions made about assessment, instruction, and planning represent the priorities and values of students and their families” (p. 56) Transition Assessment Model Step 4. Choose appropriate assessment procedures The decision to use a particular assessment procedure should be based on the purpose of the assessment, the behaviors and environments of concern, and input from the student and important others. Transition Assessment Model Step 5. Modify procedures as needed You may need to modify an appropriate assessment procedure based upon the needs of the student and the characteristics of relevant environments. Transition Assessment Model Step 6. Conduct the Assessment After selecting the appropriate assessment method and modifying it if necessary, the next step is to use it to gather information. In conducting the assessment, it is important to continually check that we are focusing on the established purpose for the assessment and the chosen behaviors and environments of interest. In conducting assessments in community settings, it is important that the procedures are nonintrusive and nonstigmatizing to students. Transition Assessment Model Step 7: Use Assessment Findings to Identify transition goals and objectives Assessment is not an end to itself. The function of transition assessment is to gather information that will inform and guide instruction, planning, and the provision of supports. Must be able to communicate results in a way that everyone can understand. Transition Assessment Model Step 7. (continued) Consider the information gathered on both the student and the current and future environments in which he or she will participate Student abilities are compared to those necessary in the environment Discrepancy between student abilities and necessary abilities should be targeted as potential goals and objectives Transition Assessment Model Step 8. Develop Curricular Plans to Achieve Goals Identify relevant educational experiences within which a student’s goals and objectives can be addressed. Educational experiences should occur in inclusive environments, including general education classrooms and activities, service learning experiences, community-based instruction, job training.