Chapter 12 The Pursuit of Perfection 1801 - 1850 Antebellum period The time period from the Jacksonian Era to the Civil War.
Download ReportTranscript Chapter 12 The Pursuit of Perfection 1801 - 1850 Antebellum period The time period from the Jacksonian Era to the Civil War.
Chapter 12 The Pursuit of Perfection 1801 - 1850 Antebellum period The time period from the Jacksonian Era to the Civil War Diverse Mix of Reformers Dedicate themselves to a number of causes. The Second Great Awakening Emotions of the Heart vs. Emotions of the Head Revival in the South and Frontier • Relied mostly on circuit riders • Baptist • Methodist • Number of denominations grew New Religions Seventh Day Adventist Church of Latter Day Saints New York and New England • Charles G. Finney • “Hell and Brimstone” • Lyman Beecher • Benevolent Societies Spreading Christianity and societal reforms. Moral Reforms: Stamp out Vice • Gambling • Prostitution • Dueling Temperance Movement Consumption of alcohol was a problem Cult of Domesticity Cult of True Woman Hood Woman’s Sphere Children Household Education Nurturing Man’s Sphere Breadwinner Decision Maker Defender / Protector Public Education • Free Common Schools • Moral Education • Horace Mann Asylums for the Mentally Ill • Mental Hospitals • Schools for blind and deaf • Dorothea Dix Prison Reform • More humane treatment of prisoners • Reform replaces punishment • Tried to house all in solitary Abolitionist Movement • Immediate end to slavery • William Lloyd Garrison: Liberator • Frederick Douglass: North Star • Sojourner Truth: Spokesperson Abolition and the Second Great Awakening • Viewed slavery as a sin • Led to radical abolitionism – American Colonization Society – American Antislavery Society – Liberty Party Violent Abolitionism Argued that slave should rise in revolt Nat Turner Revolt Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement • Grimke Sisters • Lucretia Mott • Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one portion of the family of man to assume among the people of the earth a position different from that which they have hitherto occupied, but one to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes that impel them to such a course Utopian Societies • Separating from society and creating a community you see as ideal. • Some were religious, some were secular New Harmony • Robert Owen • Indiana • Problems of inequity and alienation caused by the Industrial Revolution • Based on common and equal ownership of property Fourier Phalanxes • Focused on theories of the French socialist, Charles Fourier • Horace Greeley • To combat competitive society, share everything. • Organized as joint stock companies Shakers United Society of Believers • Strict separation but equality of sexes • Property held in common • Died out by mid 1900s Oneida Community • John Humphrey Noyes • Oneida, New York • Perfect social and economic equality • Second coming of Christ had occurred and no need to follow moral codes. Transcendentalism • There is an ideal spiritual state that “transcends” the physical and is only reached through intuition. • Protest against the general state of culture and society at the time. Transcendental Traits • • • • • • • Respect for intuition Avoid competition Critical Solitary Naturalist Idealistic Spiritual (not religious) Brook Farm Important People • Ralph Waldo Emerson – essays and poems • Henry David Thoreau- Walden and On Civil Disobedience. • Unitarian Church