Transcript Women Inventors IN SERBIA Efficiency of its Intellectual Property Right Protection and Commercialization Prof.

Women Inventors IN SERBIA Efficiency of its Intellectual
Property Right Protection
and Commercialization
Prof. Ivana Djujic, Ph. D.
Belgrade Association of Inventors
Women Inventors Awarded a Nobel Prize
http://www.nobel.se/nobel/nobel-foundation/
From a total of 500 scientists 11 women have been awarded a Nobel Prize in the sciences (chemistry, physics and
physiology or medicine), from 1901 to July 2005. Marie Curie is the only person ever to have twice received a Nobel Prize
Curie, Marie (née Sklodowska) (1867-1934) (French) Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, jointly with Curie, Pierre,
"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered
by Professor Henri Becquerel."
Curie, Marie (née Sklodowska) (1867-1934) (French) Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, "in recognition of her
services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements, radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and
the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element."
Joliot-Curie, Irène (1897-1956)
(French) Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, jointly with Joliot, Frédéric, "in
recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements."
Cori, Gerty T. (née Radnitz) (1896-1957) (American) Nobel Price in Physiology or Medicine in 1947, jointly
with Cori, C.F., "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen."
Goeppert-Mayer, Maria (1906-1972) (American) Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963, jointly with Jensen, J. Hans D.,
"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure."
Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot (1910-1994) (British) Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964, "for her determinations by
X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances."
Yalow, Rosalyn S. (1921-)
(American) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977, "for the development of
radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones."
McClintock, Barbara (1902-1992) (American) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983, "for her discovery
of mobile genetic elements."
Levi-Montalcini, Rita (1909-) (Italian and American) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986, jointly with
Cohen, Stanley, "for their discoveries of growth factors."
Elion, Gertrude B. (1918-1999) (American)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1988, jointly with Black,
James and Hitchings, George "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment."
Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane (1942-)
(German) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, jointly with
Lewis, Edward B., and Wieschaus, Eric F., "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic
development."
Buck Linda B. (1947-) (American) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004, jointly with Richard Axel, "for their
discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system".
Position of women in
1/ Rresearch institutes in Serbia
Women in research institutes
Women with PhD
Women without PhD
Women researchers with PhD
Women researcher without PhD
Women directors of research institutes
49%
49%
48%
38%
62%
0.69%
2/ At the University of Belgrade
Women with master diploma
Women with PhD diploma
Women students
Women that get diploma
Women professors
Women Rector *From 1838-2006)
Women Deans (31 Faculties)
Women academics
Unemployment
34%
27,7%
58%
60,2%
37,4%
1
3
5%
22,4%
(data for 2006 year)
STRUCTURE OF Patent applications
in Serbia (1997-2006)
4500
Number of females patent applicants 11%
Participation of females as authors in domestic patents 31,2%
Source: Jelena Popovic, Intelectual Property Office, Belgrade
4000
3000
2500
Domestic
Foreign
Total
2000
1500
1000
500
Year
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
0
19
97
No of applications
3500
STRUCTURE OF Registered Patents
in Serbia (1997-2006)
300
Foreign
Total
250
200
150
100
50
Year
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
0
19
97
No of registered patents
Domestic
NUmber of International Patent
Applications in Serbia (1997-2006)
40
30
25
Participation of females in
international patent applications 29%
20
Source: Jelena Popovic, Intelectual Property Office, Belgrade
15
10
5
Year
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
19
99
19
98
0
19
97
No of international applications
35
participants FROM SERBIA on
INTERNATIONAL PATENT Exibitions
(1997-2006)
Total number of participants
Female participants
Male participants
55
11%
89%
Limiting factor for inventors from Serbia
High level of patent protection cost Serious obstacle to inventors from Serbia asking protection of patent rights is
the level of costs one inventor must pay for the protection of one invention.
There is range of costs one inventor is faced with:
• Fees for the patenting procedure (filing, examination, and search fees);
• Fees for a patent agent of attorney;
• Renewal fees;
• If protection is sought abroad, inventor must pay translation charges;
• If protection is sought abroad, inventor must pay foreign patent agent
of attorney.
Although it is difficult to calculate precise figures, estimates start from 2,000
EUR and could reach 14,000-20,000 EUR for more complicated patent
applications (EPO, 2004). Economical situation in a Serbia is too difficult, and
costs for the protection of patent rights in US PTO, EPO and JPO are still
too high for most of inventors, residents of Serbia.
Best Woman Inventors in Serbia
- WIPO Gold Medal
Danica Gajic, Ph.D., 1987 Geneva, Switzerland
Invention: “Agrostemin, ” extracted from Agrostemma Githago, is a 100% natural
bioregulator that respects the microflora of the soil
Vida Popovic, 1987 Geneva, Switzerland
Invention: “Vidasil, ” process for the production of a nonflammable heat insulation
material capable of resisting temperatures up to 1,500 degrees.
N. Zubova, 1992 Brussels,Belgium
Invention: Medicine by biodata: method and technology
Dusanka Mandic, 1996 Brussels, Belgium
Invention: Magnetic traps for the removal of ferrous metal particles
Gordana Pantelic, 1999 Sofia, Bulgaria
Invention: Cosmetics based on phyto-therapeutic and bee products
Dr. Danica Gajic
(1918-2005)
Invention: “AGROSTEMIN”
Natural bioregulator of vegetal origin, extracted
from the Agrostemma Githago and other plants
(patent №. 32 749).
From the chemical point of view, AGROSTEMIN is a
blend of aminoacids of natural origin and other organic
components like tryptophan, adenine, folic acid, allantoin
etc.
Patent value contested over 10 years, early retired.
First recognations for patent obtained from WIPO 1987
(17 years after application) than from domestic institutions.
Over 15 years passed from innovation to commercialization.
This invention is from the domain of universal
biology. In fact, that is the new way of science
thinking and deserves our highest attention"... (1992)
Branka Gajic
CEO
AGROSTEMIN d.o.o. Belgrade
Headquarters
Kralja Milutina 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
business
tel:
+381 (11) 26 82 664
business fax: +381 (11) 26 82 664
mobile:
+381 (64) 14 78 00
8
email: [email protected]
www.agrostemin.com
Vida Popovic, 1987 Geneva, Switzerland
Invention: “Vidasil, ” process for the production of a
nonflammable heat insulation material capable of resisting
temperatures up to 1,500 degrees.
Vidasil is produced from lime, quartz, chrysotile, asbestos, flax or
cellulose and water, It has a composition suggestive of a stone. Its
applications are many: building, heat insulation, ovens, moldings, molds,
furnace linings,
packaging material, refrigeration systems, space technology (US Patent
4873141).
Application – 1986, Publication -1989
Available informations on Vida Popovic and her invention destiny:
• Factory for Vidasil production build in Leusic. (between Cacak and
G.Milanovac).
• Due to political blindness, nearsaiting and personal vinity of the actual
desizion makers production did not be successful.
• After 8 years of useless fight for her invention she leaved Serbia.
Last information that I have is that she build in New Meksiko
factory for Vidasil.
• Part of knowledge known to her director was sold as new patent
in South Africa.
Source: Interview of Milos Katic, director of factory that today don't work (Glas Javnosti)
and available internet data on Vidasil.
Dr. Dusanka Mandic Ph.D.
1944 Invention: Magnetic traps for the removal of ferrous metal
particles.
Ferrous method is non-invasive inexpensive, applicable both
on inpatients and outpatients and in the field service
therapy.
Non-invasive method of - mild stimulation of acupunctural
points using permanent ceramic magnet proved as the method of
choice in treatment of injured with single and multiple ferrous
bodies. (PCT/YU 98/00018, WO 99/60581)
For this and other inventions
she obtained large number of recognations
Dr Dusanka Mandić
spec. medicine rada akupunkturolog
Ordinacija "MADU"
Beograd
011/ 464-365, 3971-088
Ministry of Health accepted 2007 her patent as means for
healing.
From Invention to application passed 8 years.
From 1988 she work in Federal Institute of Public Health.
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Worldwide
• Represent over 50 % of
enterprises in most countries.
• SMEs are the driving force
behind a large number of
innovations and contribute
to the growth of the national
economy through
employment, creation,
investments and exports.
• Despite the importance of
SMEs for the vitality of the
economy and the potential
offered by the IP system for
enhancing SMEs
competitiveness, SMEs often
underutilize the IP system.
WIPO and the SMEs Division
In 2000, WIPO Member States endorsed a proposal to
establish a substantial new program of activities, focusing on the
intellectual property-related needs of SMEs worldwide. WIPOs
program of activities for SMEs aims to encourage a more
effective use of the intellectual property system by SMEs
worldwide. The program seeks to raise awareness of the
relevance of intellectual property for small and medium-sized
business and promotes initiatives to make the IP system more
accessible, less cumbersome and more affordable for SMEs.
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
IN SERBIA
• Disintegration of Yugoslavia, sanctions and NATO operation "MERCIFUL
ANGEL" against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from (March 24- June 10. 1999)
caused that large state owned companies lose consumer markets, unemployment,
economic, humanitarian, health and environmental catastrophe in Serbia.
• The collapse of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) enabled SMEs and NGO sector to
assume a more prominent role in Serbian society.
• The current SME sector in Serbia includes both enterprises that are politically
supported and connected as well as those that have managed to survive without any
political backing or largess.
• Serbia has no significant experience with a marketbased economy and the values
needed to support it.
• Serbian intellectuals and academics were not prepared for the challenges posed by the
transition and have been unable to embrace the necessary skills.
• Although the current government is undergoing significant legislative changes, laws
affecting the NGO and SME sectors remain the same.
Conclusion.: The SME and NGO are in developing phase.
ACTUAL SITUAION IN SERBIA
Regional Agencies for the Development of SMEs and
Entrepreneurship were established throughout Serbia. A
coalition of regional stake holders led by NGOs received
funding from the European Agency for Reconstruction for a
project called “Non-financial support for SMEs in Serbia.” By
2002, seven regional agencies or centers had been founded.
The establishment of each agency was a real victory, but at the
same time, each posed distinct problems and had a different
set of stake holders. In every case, local municipalities, NGOs,
regional Chambers of Commerce, banks and SME
associations all contributed to the early development of the
institutions. The buy-in by these diverse stakeholders was
evident from the fact that although the agencies were set up as
limited-liability companies and required start-up capital, the
investing agencies and entities signed legal documents
declining to collect on potential profits.
2. The State and Exports
Serbia needs more exports
Serbia needs a strong export sector to:
• reduce a large foreign trade deficit
• absorb existing unused production capacity
in a small domestic market
• add to national wealth and employment
• improve competitiveness and quality of
enterprises and products
Source: Project “Non Financial Assistance to SMEs in Serbia”
2. The State and Exports
Barriers to SME exports in Serbia
• Lack of finance and insurance facilities
• Inadequate information and research on
potential export markets
• No technical assistance for quality, standards and
design
• Trade barriers
• Inadequate institutional support for SME export
development and promotion
Source: Project “Non Financial Assistance to SMEs in Serbia”
Why export?
Objectives in exporting:
• to increase sales and profitability
• to utilise production capacity to the full
• to achieve greater business security by spreading risks over a number of
markets
Reasons for exporting:
• lack of growth opportunities in the Serbian market
• not enough customers in Serbia for existing products
The major steps
•
Desk/field research in a manageable number of markets:
e.g Balkans
• Identifying opportunities
•
Information needed: size of market, import statistics, local
economic data, regulations and approvals e.g. health,
• Selecting the market
import licenses and tariffs, list of agents and importers
• Entering the market
•
Information sources: SIEPA, SME Regional Agencies,
Chambers, EICC
Who will sell the product in the new market
and how will it be sold or distributed?
Agents/distributors
Direct selling
•Concentrate on a few markets
•Choose a market where there is enough
• potential to justify the effort
•Choose a market where product may have some competitive
advantage – price, performance, quality
•Make sure the business can be handled
Source: Project “Non Financial Assistance to SMEs in Serbia”
2. The State and Exports
Policy priorities
• Promotional support for main markets
• Information and advisory services
• Developing export capabilities of competitive
SMEs
• Export finance and insurance
• Quality assurance scheme
• Donor assistance for trade promotion
Source: Project “Non Financial Assistance to SMEs in Serbia”
2. The State and Exports
New services for exporters
• SIEPA’s Export Department is being
strengthened and a EU funded technical
assistance programme has commenced
• Main role of SIEPA Export Department
“Promotion of Serbian goods and services in
foreign markets”
Source: Project “Non Financial Assistance to SMEs in Serbia”
Own experience with
Intellectual Property Right Protection and
Commercialization
Inventions:
A. COMBINATION FOR FOLIAR SUPPLEMENTATION OF
PLANTS WITH SELENIUM SALTS AND UREA.
B. THE PROCEDURE FOR FOLIAR SUPPLEMENTATION IN
ORDER TO OBTAIN PLANTS WITH GUIDED CONTENT AND
DISTRIBUTION OF SELENIUM.
Inventors: Dr Ivana Djujic and Dr Milica Milovac
e-mail:[email protected],
Tel/Fax: 381-11-3612718
Date 7.03.2003
www.siepa.sr.gov.yu
Agriculture and Food Production Sector
Production of the alimentary products on the basis of
wheat and soy enriched with Selenium
Company: Milovanovic Marko & Others Ltd. Co.
“Priroda”
Project Name
“Production of the alimentary products
on the basis of wheat and soy
enriched with Selenium ”
Estimated Investment Cost
375 000 EUR
Estimated duration of the Project
5 years +
Investment expected from foreign
partner
223 000 EUR
Available documents of the
completed work to date
Feasibility Study
Expected effects
Download PDF
Project Description:
One of the main projects of »Priroda« (Nature), whose realization is already in
course, is: production of 100 t of wheat and 15 t of soy, both enriched with
Selenium using natural methods and their further processing, after which they
can be added to the vast diapason of high-nutrition-value products.
The point is that those are the first high-nutrition-value primary products,
obtained from implementing the original combination and treatment for foliar
feeding (supplementation) – the technology protected with the patent. Result
obtained with this method is wheat with the amount of Selenium 6-7 times
bigger in comparison to the ordinary wheat. The enrichment capacity with soy is
even bigger, and that goes for manufactured products as well.
The soil in Balkans and huge part of Europe is extremely deficient in Selenium,
and consequently nutrition also lacks sufficient quantities of Selenium. In the
same time, the reports of International Health Organization point out the
remarkable role of Selenium in prevention of decease and keeping the human
organism in optimal condition.
»Nature« has concluded agreements with the relevant scientific institutes for
using the patented technology, with farmers for producing and delivering 100 t of
wheat and 15 t of soya using the mentioned technologies, as well as with
manufacturers for production of flour-milling, baker and flake products.
More about the project (download PDF)
Company Profile
Name:
Address:
Contact Person:
Language Spoken
Telephone:
Milovanovic Marko & Others Ltd. Co.
“Priroda”
Brace Krsmanovic 23, Belgrade,
Yugoslavia
Slobodan Milovanovic, Development
Project Manager
Marko Milovanovic, General
Manager
English
+381 ...
Fax:
+381 11 184 111
E-mail:
[email protected]
Activity:
Size of the Company:
Production and market positioning of
the »healthy food«.
The company permanently employs 10
employees with three
occasional collaborators
Key Figures
»Nature«, O.D. is registered in the Court of Commerce in Belgrade on March
31st 1998. (file number: I-Fi-2164/98), with enclosed documents about new
occupational activities and the change of companies' seat from March 23rd
2001, as a company dedicated to production, traffic and services.
»Nature«, Limited Partnership Company is, in the same time, business adherent
of the General Business Co-operative »Nature«, founded on February 21st
1991. The inevitable consequence of the difficulties brought by new law
regarding Co-operativess and proprietary transformation lies in the change of
organizational
manners.
The basic professional choice of both ex Co-operative and present Limited
Partnership Company is improvement in production and market positioning of
the »healthy food«. Our Company is the real pioneer in that department, since
it had done a great work in founding the autonomous and autochtonous market
of the nutritively healthier products. This market consists of recognizable
production companies and products, wholetrade in that sector is becoming well
known and growing and specialized stores are more and more numerous . The
first wholesale warehouse of the healthy food on Yu market was established by
»Nature« in 1994, together with the first marketing improvements and product
promotions, »Nature« encouraged the newly formed trade stores, known under
the name of »biopantries« in their will to expand the idea of healthier nutrition.
More about the Company (PDF)
Invention
Selen Enriched Edible Plants Production
Project done by a group of scientists
Project Name
Estimated Investment Cost
Selen Enriched Edible Plants Production
Negligible compared with the effects
Estimated duration of the Project
Indefinite, with yearly cycles; could
begin any time
Investment expected from foreign
partner
Depends on agreed size of production;
Mainly: Marketing and exports
Available documents of the
completed work to date
Excpected effects
Scientific and technological explanations
and descriptions available
Large production and considerable sales
on the world market where
such products are in great
demand
Company Profile
Name:
A Group of Scientists from Belgrade
Contact Person:
Brane Popović
Language spoken:
English
Telephone:
+381 11 3164519
Fax:
+381 11 3164519
E-mail:
[email protected]
Date 7.03.2003
www.siepa.sr.gov.yu
Project Description:
Selen is a chemical element of great importance for human body
functioning, as well as for animals and some microorganisms. It
prevents and cures all stress-caused illnesses, and is efficient with
radiation stress. Selen is a component of more than 30 presently
known
enzymes
and
seleno-proteins.
Since Selen is not useful in every shape it appears in nature, (for
that matter: it can sometimes be toxic), it was necessary to
establish its most efficient compound to enrich human food with.
That is L-(+)-Selenmetionine, existing in cereals. Application
method is foliar feeding of the plants, rendering growth of Selen
content in grains.
The method is an innovation and is the property of the authors
of this project. It is not being applied anywhere in the world in
such a way, and is protected by a patent. Another innovation is
foliar feeding with Selen salts in combination with Urea.
Achievements of the method: Minimal Selen salts consumption,
better and faster plant adoption of Selen, practically no possibility
of upsetting the existing balance of
contents in the
soil.Application is possible with wheat, Soya, oats, barley and
other edible plants.
The authors have all the details on this original method, as well
as the necessary raw materials.
Production trials have been completed and test results are very
promising. First commercial quantities are available for checking
and practical use.
06.03.2003 Meeting in Chamber for Commerce
Present:
Ines Novosel, Markrting & Research
Republic of Serbia Investment and Export Promotion Agency
[email protected]
www.siepa.sr.gov.yu
Elias Antonakakis
UNIDO -Investment & Technology Promotion Office
DEPUTY HEAD
INVESTMENT PROMOTION EXPERT
7, Stadiou Str.(7th floor)
105 62 Athens
GREECE
Tel: (+301) 3248303 / 319 / 367
Fax: (+301) 3248778
[email protected]
www.unido.org
Vassilios P. Gialamas
President
EMKAT S.A.
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
322, Kifissia Ave, (72 Olympionikon str.) N. Psychico
GR-154 51 Athens
Tel: Center: (+301) 6729170
Fax: (+301) 6729 165
[email protected]
www.emkat.gr
Brane Popovic
Ivana Djujic
Meeting results
Products with declaration that they are made from
Selenium enriched wheat and soybean, my name and
patent number on wrapping material Company
“Priroda” produce and sale in Serbia, Croatia,
Slovenia, Italia.
Chemical analysis of selenium in mentioned products
showed that they are not made of selenium enriched
wheat and/or soybean and have not declared selenium
quantity.
Mr Elias Antonakakis recommended my invention to
his coleague in Japan.
Last information - In 2006 Priroda still distributed
mentioned products with my name and patent
number on wrapping material in Serbia and
Montenegro.