Chapter 25 Protists Table of Contents Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Section 2 Animal-like Protists Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists Section 4 Protists and Humans.
Download ReportTranscript Chapter 25 Protists Table of Contents Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Section 2 Animal-like Protists Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists Section 4 Protists and Humans.
Chapter
25 Protists Table of Contents Section 1
Characteristics of Protists
Section 2
Animal-like Protists
Section 3
Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Section 4
Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Objectives
•
Define
protist.
•
Describe
a hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotic cells.
•
Explain
how protists are classified.
•
Describe
the two major ways by which protists obtain energy.
•
List
three structures protists use for movement.
•
Describe
how protists reproduce.
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists A Diverse Group of Eukaryotes
•
Protists
are unicellular or simple multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, fungi, or animals.
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Characteristics of Protists Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists
A Diverse Group of Eukaryotes, continued •
The First Eukaryotes
– Evidence suggests that the first protists arose from endosymbiotic prokaryotes.
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Origin of Eukaryotic Cells Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Classification
• Protists are classified by the characteristics that make them fungus-like, plant-like, or animal-like.
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Characteristics
•
Unicellular and Multicellular
– Most protists are unicellular, but some form large, multicellular bodies.
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Comparing Organisms that are Unicellular and Multicellular Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Characteristics
,
continued
•
Nutrition
– Many protists are
autotrophs,
organisms that make their own food. – Other protists are
heterotrophs,
organisms that must get their food by eating other organisms or their byproducts.
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists
Characteristics, continued •
Motility
– Protists use
flagella, cilia,
or
pseudopodia
locomotion.
for
Chapter
25 Section 1 Characteristics of Protists Reproduction
• Protists reproduce either asexually, sexually, or both. • They reproduce asexually by
binary fission
or
multiple fission.
• They often reproduce sexually by
conjugation.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25 Objectives
•
Discuss
the key characteristics of Protozoa, Ciliophora, Sarcomastigophora, and Apicomplexa.
•
Describe
how protozoa use pseudopodia to move and to capture food.
•
Explain
how ciliates move and reproduce.
•
Describe
how mastigophorans move and capture food.
•
Describe
the role of apicomplexans in disease.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25 Phylum Protozoa
• Animal-like protists can be found in the phylum Protozoa.
• Protozoa use large, rounded, cytoplasmic extensions called
pseudopodia
for both movement and feeding.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25
Phylum Protozoa, continued •
Protozoan Diversity
– Protozoans include organisms that inhabit the oceans, lakes, soil and even the human intestines.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25 Phylum Ciliophora
• Animal-like protists include the phylum Ciliophora. • Ciliates move using cilia, which are short, hairlike, cytoplasmic projections that line the cell membrane.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25
Phylum Ciliophora, continued •
Characteristics
– Ciliates have the most elaborate organelles, including two types of nuclei.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25 Feeding Habits of a Ciliate Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25
Phylum Ciliophora, continued •
Reproduction
– Ciliates reproduce asexually by binary fission and sexually by conjugation.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25 Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Animal-like protists include the phyla Protozoa,
Sarcomastigophora.
• For locomotion, sarcomastigophorans use flagella.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25 Phylum Apicomplexa
• Animal-like protists include the phyla
Apicomplexa.
• These protists are animal parasites.
Section 2 Animal-like Protists
Chapter
25 Types of Animal-like Protists Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists Objectives
•
Describe
four main body forms of algae.
•
List
the common name for each of the seven phyla of plantlike protists.
•
Explain
how green algae and plants are similar.
•
Describe
four phyla of funguslike protists.
•
Compare
plasmodial slime molds, cellular slime molds, and water molds.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists Characteristics of Algae
•
Algae
can be unicellular, colonial, filamentous, or multicellular. • Seven phyla of plantlike protists are Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Chrysophyta, and Euglenophyta.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists Plantlike Protists
•
Phylum Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
– The phylum Chlorophyta contains more than 17,000 identified species of protists called green algae.
– Both green algae and plants have chlorophylls and
accessory pigments
, store food as starch, and have cell walls made up of cellulose.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Plantlike Protists, continued •
Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
– The phylum Phaeophyta includes approximately 1,500 species of multicellular organisms called brown algae. – Brown algae are mostly marine organisms, and they include plantlike seaweeds and kelps.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Plantlike Protists, continued •
Phylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
– The 4,000 species in the phylum Rhodophyta are known as red algae. – A few species of red algae live in fresh water or on land, but most red algae are marine seaweeds.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Plantlike Protists, continued •
Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
– The phylum Bacillariophyta contains as many as 100,000 species of unicellular protists called
diatoms.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Plantlike Protists, continued •
Phylum Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)
– More than 2,000 species of organisms called dinoflagellates make up the phylum Dinoflagellata.
– Some species of dinoflagellates, such as those in genus
Noctiluca
, can produce bioluminescence, a display of sparkling light often seen in ocean water at night.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Plantlike Protists, continued •
Phylum Chrysophyta (Golden Algae)
– The phylum Chrysophyta contains about 1,000 species of golden algae. Most golden algae live in fresh water, but a few species are found in marine environments.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Plantlike Protists, continued •
Phylum Euglenophyta (Euglenoids)
– The phylum Euglenophyta contains about 1,000 species of flagellated unicellular algae called euglenoids.
– Euglenoids are both plantlike and animal-like. Many are autotrophic, like plants, but they lack a cell wall and are highly motile, like animals.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists Structure of
Euglena
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists Funguslike Protists
• Biologists recognize two groups of funguslike protists: slime molds and water molds.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Funguslike Protists, continued •
Phylum Myxomycota (Plasmodial Slime Molds)
–
Plasmodial slime molds
are multinucleate.
– As the plasmodium creeps along the forest floor by cytoplasmic streaming, it consumes decaying leaves and other debris by phagocytosis.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Funguslike Protists, continued •
Phylum Dictyostelida (Cellular Slime Mold)
–
Cellular slime molds
live as individual haploid cells that move about like amoebas. – Each cell moves as an independent organism, creeping over the ground or swimming in fresh water and ingesting food.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Funguslike Protists, continued •
Phylum Oomycota (Water Molds)
– Water molds are composed of branching filaments and many of this phylum are parasitic.
Chapter
25 Section 3 Plantlike and Funguslike Protists
Funguslike Protists, continued •
Phylum Chytridiomycota (Water Molds)
– Members of phylum Chytridiomycota, or the
chytrids,
are primarily aquatic protists characterized by gametes and zoospores with a single, posterior flagellum.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Objectives
•
State
four environmental roles of protists.
•
Describe
algal blooms and red tides and their impact.
•
State
an important role for protists in research.
•
List
a use of protists as food and three uses of protist byproducts.
•
Describe
four protist-caused diseases.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Protists in the Environment
• Protists produce large amounts of oxygen, form the foundation of food webs, recycle materials, and play a role in several symbiotic relationships.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25
Protists in the Environment, continued •
Ecology of Protists
–
Algal blooms
can lead to the depletion of oxygen in water. – Red tides produce harmful toxins.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Protists in Research
• Research on protists has helped biologists understand a number of fundamental cellular functions, such as leukocyte movement.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Protists in Industry
•
Protists as Food
– For thousands of years, humans have been collecting seaweeds for food.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25
Protists in Industry, continued •
Protist Byproducts
– Protists provide important byproducts, such as
alginate, carrageenan,
and
agar.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Protists and Health
• Parasitic protists cause malaria, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and trichomoniasis in humans.
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Protists and Health
•
Malaria
– Parasitic protists in the genus
Plasmodium
cause
malaria,
which is characterized by severe chills, headache, fever, and fatigue. – Each year, nearly 3 million people die from malaria.
Chapter
25 Life Cycle of
Plasmodium
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Section 4 Protists and Humans
Chapter
25 Malaria Life Cycle Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept