Transcript The Live Reef Food Fish Trade: Overview and Synthesis Geoffrey Muldoon Strategy Leader, WWF Coral Program.

The Live Reef Food Fish Trade:
Overview and Synthesis
Geoffrey Muldoon
Strategy Leader, WWF Coral Program
Outline
• Historical perspectives on LRFT initiatives
• Synthesis of LRFT Priority Actions
• Overview of recent activities across workshops,
forums, and
• CTSP partner program
Concerns with LRFT
• Resource over-exploitation and fishery collapse
• Food security and livelihoods for local communities
• Impacts of destructive fishing practices including:
• Targeting and extirpation of spawning aggregations
• Capture and retention of juveniles for grow-out
• Limited enforcement and monitoring of:
• International trans-shipment (i.e. CITES listed)
• Trans-boundary trade and IUU (i.e. LTVs)
• Expected growth in market demand (e.g. PRC)
Hong Kong Imports of Live Reef Fish
Hong Kong Imports of Live Coral Trout
Historical Perspective
• Concerted effort over past decades to reduce social,
economic and biological impacts of LRFT
• Earlier programs often focused on discrete aspects of
the LRFT and these were often localised:
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Destructive (e.g. Cyanide) fishing;
High conservation value species (HHW and CITES);
Protection of fish spawning aggregation sites;
Developing best-practice “Standards” incl. for mariculture
Pre-emptive fishery development management plans;
Documenting trade flows, trade issues; and
Full-cycle mariculture production of target LRFF species;
Historical Perspective
• Limited successes in reducing LRFT impacts!
Lessons Learnt Indonesia LRFT
Source: WWF Indonesia
Trends in Philippines LRFT
Palawan
• Fishing effort and catch:
– 65% caught fewer fish
now then 3 or 5 yrs ago
– ~ 70% of fish caught are
undersize
– ~ 30% of fish caught are
regarded as “market
size”
Historical Perspective
• Limited success in reducing LRFT impacts
– Gaps in biological data needed to improve
management;
– Unknown “exploitation” rates due poor source
country records and unrecorded LRFF
entering Hong Kong by sea
– Different business models affect attitudes
toward industry stewardship (e.g. Fish
brokers v/s independent trader)
– Current management of LRFF fisheries in
recipient and source countries doesn’t
guarantee resource sustainability;
Source: Adapted from Pitcher et al., 2009
Operating Assumptions – (Present)
• Demand and price for LRFF will increase with China’s
growing population and affluence
• There is already over-fishing
• There’s a lack of data AND data is needed for
management
• Management and enforcement policies weak or absent
• There is disconnect between key players along supply
chain
• There is tension between legal and un-reported fisheries
• Mariculture is ONE way forward to meet future demand
Common Aspirational Goals
• Harvest does not exceeds reproduction
• Habitats not declining from over-exploitation / climate change
• Management and enforcement is strengthened
− The trade in CITES listed species is being effectively enforced
• FCA is alleviating pressure on wild stocks and aiding livelihoods
• Communities benefiting from management – stable livelihoods
• There suitable mechanisms in place for collective actions
− Multi-country coordination on trans-boundary issues within the CT
− An effective operational trader group has been formed
• Demand economies participating in sustainability initiatives
Regional Perspective
• The LRFT is trans-boundary in nature and requires
regional actions
• Why the need for regional?
– Governments of the CT committed to action
– Fishers / Traders operating across national boundaries
– Industry, Government and Civil Society engaged in a
regional economy
– Regionalisation / globalisation of consumer attitudes
– International interest in sustainable behaviour
ASIA–PACIFIC REGIONAL TRADE IN LIVE REEF FOOD FISH
Regional Perspective
• The LRFT is trans-boundary in nature and requires
regional actions
• More recently efforts have focussed on
‘collaborative’ approaches such as
– CT6 Inter-governmental collaboration and cooperation;
– Whole of supply chain initiatives (e.g. B2B relations)
– Supply-side and demand-side linkages
– Public-private sector partnerships;
• Regional ‘collective’ actions in geographically based
priority areas, some with a more regional reach
Synthesis CTI LRFT Priority Actions
Priority Actions
Certification Standards Best
practice
Forums AND Private Public
Partnerships
Full-cycle mariculture
expansions
Management plans
(incorporating EAF)
Collect baseline data on target
species
Protection target species /
Spatial closures
Export / Catch Controls
(including CITES/IUU)
Enforcement and Capacity
Building (including provincial)
Malaysia
Philippines
Indonesia
Papua New
Guinea
Solomon
Islands
Timor
Leste
Regional Stakeholder Engagement
• LRFT workshop – November
2009
– Provide snapshot of current
status and trends for LRFT
– Define roadmap and strategies
to address unsustainable trade
in LRFT with Industry
/stakeholder emphasis
HK Workshop outcomes
Priority (Ranked in order of Importance)
Match harvesting to reproductive capacity
Promote full cycle responsible mariculture
Enforce the law against IUU fishing (including CITES species)
Data collection on ecology, production, marketing and socio economics
Protect spawning area through spatial and temporal measures
Built and manage multi-stakeholder alliances
Organize and manage government to government collaboration
Set minimum size for capture
Facilitate PPPs between NGOs, private sector and research institutions
Develop market linkages
Integrate and consolidate best management practices into supply chain
Mitigate consequences of displacement
Regional Stakeholder Engagement
• Regional Exchange
workshop – October 2010
– Common understanding and
support for applying EAFM
– Science needs for improving
management of LRFT
– Models for establishing
multi-country stakeholder
forums or roundtables
– Coordinated CT6 position on
LRFFT issues
Where is Bottleneck/Driver of Change
Fisher
Buyer
Exporter
Importer /
Wholesale
Restaurant
LRFT Market Pull Approach
Supply
Chain
Stake
holders
Stakeholder
Number
Buyers &
Exporter
Fishery
Fisher/ Carriers
Cage-owners
> 100,000
CT-based
Buyers and
Exporters
< 300
CT-based
IMPACTS
Importer,
Wholesale &
Retail
Consumers
Distributors &
Retails outlets
< 100
Non-CT based
LRFFT
INTERVENTION
LRFFT
patrons
Millions
non-CT based
IMPACTS
Role for NGOs as a “Partner”
• The role of NGOs to assist countries in better meeting
CORF responsibility through:
– Fostering and motivating the seafood sector.
– Facilitating private sector engagement
– Leading in the establishment of inter-governmental
regional platforms (e.g. CTI, APEC)
• Other national and international institutions will have
to be involved to deal with key issues
WWF CTP LRFT Strategy Objectives
• As one of five transformational strategies within the
CTNI, the LRFT initiative has the following objective.
– “Use collaborative approaches to accelerate
transformation of the trade in live reef food
fish into a sustainable enterprise”.
Key Objectives – CTNI
1. Support development of trade partnerships to
promote more responsible/sustainable LRFFT
2. Promote adoption and increased production of
“sustainable” full-cycle grouper aquaculture
through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
3. Create demand for sustainable LRF consumption
and production in key markets (e.g. Hong Kong,
Singapore)
Sustainable Live Reef Food Fish Trade
Enabling Work
Hong Kong
Enabling Work
Singapore
Enabling Work
Philippines
Enabling Work
Malaysia
Enabling Work
Indonesia
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
LRFT Priority Targets
Industry Best Practice
Sustainable Mariculture
Consumer choice
APEC / Regional Exchange Sequence
CT6 Coordination through CTSP:
• NPOAs = National LRFT Actions
• Trader engagement
• EAFM applied
Sustainable LRFT Roadmap Workshop:
• Status and Trends (Biology, Industry)
• Sustainability versus functionality
• Priority Actions to Improve LRFT
Regional Exchange Outcomes:
• EAFM in context of LRFT
• Science needs
• Roundtables and Forums
Common CT6 position :
• EAFM position
• Consensus on roundtable/forums
Activities in priority Geographies:
• Supply chain links
• Best practice
• National trader groups
Preparatory
APEC activities
APEC LRFFT Workshop Outcomes:
• Footprint country collaboration
• Supply chain focus on EAFM
• Platforms to strengthen Standards
• Market-based policy initiatives
APEC FWG Regional Workshop
• Collaboration and participation from non-CT “footprint” countries
• Identify appropriate mechanisms or frameworks whereby the
joint issues of trade and sustainability can be better addressed:
– build agreement on mechanisms/frameworks to provide
platform for dialogue and exchange and cooperative multicountry engagement to build capacity and opportunities
among these stakeholders to better manage the trade
– refining measurable standards of best-practice such as the
International LRFFT Standard with participation and
support of all stakeholders to facilitate implementation of
and strengthening of such Standards and
Concluding Thoughts
1. What SHOULD the LRFT look like in 10 years?
2. What ACTIONS needed in next 5 years to achieve this?
3. Who will be CHANGE AGENTS that make this happen?
4. How can we MOBILIZE these change agents to work
together?
© WWF / Catherine HOLLOWAY
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