Transcript Task Force on Indicators and Reporting Targets and indicators 13 - 14 March 2008 1 TFIR.

Task Force on
Indicators and Reporting
Targets and indicators
13 - 14 March 2008
1 TFIR
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Basic principles for target setting (1)
A target can be many things => flexibility to adapt to
country needs
– Development of a law, monitoring programme, water
management plans, introduction of a new approach
– Institutional framework
– Capacity building or a study
– Social and economic issues
– National / local / pilot projects
– Specific parameter
=> But in all cases it must be possible to assess progress
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Basic principles for target setting (2)
Need for a holistic approach => importance
of the process
Need to promote harmonization
Need to have a meaningful reporting
system that allows building a coherent
picture for the whole region
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Guidelines approach
For most areas illustrate options for target
setting: non-comprehensive but useful
“shopping list”
For few core areas: common indicators
which become part of the reporting system
=>Is it useful/agreeable?
=>Do we need definitions, standards?
=> Which can be “core” common indicators?
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Consequences for reporting
What is/are your target(s) under article 6 (2) xx and related target date(s)?
What were the baseline conditions?
What are the current conditions?
Shortly describe action undertaken to achieve target(s), and planned activities.
What is your target for the percentage of population with access to water and
related target date(s)? (urban/rural)
What were the baseline conditions? (urban/rural)
What is the current percentage of population with access to water? (urban/rural)
Shortly describe action undertaken to achieve target(s), and planned activities.
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Quality of drinking-water
(Art 6(2)(a))
Percentage of samples that fails to meet
the standards for
– E. coli
All water intended for drinking: not detectable in any 100 ml
Treated water entering the distribution system: not
detectable in any 100-ml sample
Treated water in the distribution system: not detectable in
any 100-ml sample
– Enterococci
– Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ref. GDWQ Vol 3 pp. 143, 288, 238
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Quality of drinking-water
(Art 6(2)(a)) chemical
Percentage of samples that fails to meet
chemical water quality
– Countries to decide in accordance with local
needs (Fe, Pb, Cu, NO3/As…)
– Not weighted, but by water supplier
– Quality at tap
– Ten core parameters from amongst Annex 1
Part B of the DWD
GDWQ , Chemical safety of drinking-water
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Reduction of the scale of waterrelated disease (Art 6(2)(b))
Uses
Incidence
Prevalence
Expresses the risk of
becoming ill
Number of existing cases at a
given point in time
The main measure of
acute diseases or
conditions, but also
chronic
Estimates the probability of the
population being ill at the
period of time being studied
Most useful for studies of Study of chronic diseases and
causation
implications for the health
services
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Reduction of the scale of waterrelated disease (Art 6(2)(b))
Incidence I: rate at which new events occur
in a certain population during a defined time
period
Number of new events in spec. period/
Number of persons exposed during that period
Prevalence P: number of cases in a defined
population at a particular point in time
Number of people with the disease at spec. time
Number of people in the pop at risk at the spec. time
Bonita, Beaglehole, Kjellstrom Basic epidemiology WHO Geneva
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Reduction of the scale of waterrelated disease (Art 6(2)(b))
Outbreak
– Two people experience similar illness after
exposure to water and health
– Problems remain with case definitions, clinical
analytical capacity etc
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Access to drinking water
(Art 6(2)(c))
Percentage of population with access to
safe drinking water connected to a public
supply according to WatSan_Ex1
Percentage of population with access to an
improved drinking water source
Focus on rural areas / sparsely populated
areas
Social/affordability issues
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Access to sanitation (Art 6(2)(d))
Access to improved sanitation (JMP)
Percentage of population served by
sewerage connections and wastewater
treatment plants (primary, secondary and
tertiary treatment)
WatSan_P1
Focus on rural area / small settlements
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Levels of performance of collective
and other systems for water-supply
(Art 6(2)(e)) - operations
Water production m3/y
Water consumption m3/y
Continuity of supply (hrs of pressure)
Rate of failure of legally residual chlorine at
point of consumption (where required)
Main failures
Water losses per connection (m/conn/y)
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Levels of performance of collective
and other systems of water-supply
(Art 6(2)(e)) - sustainability
Energy efficiency (mWh/m3 produced)
Unit cost of water to supplier
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Levels of performance of collective
and other systems of sanitation
(Art 6(2)(f)) - operations
Volume of wastewater produced
Volume of wastewater collected
Volume of wastewater treated
Pump failures (hrs out of service/time unit)
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Levels of performance of collective
and other systems of water-supply
(Art 6(2)(f)) - sanitation
Energy efficiency (mWh/m3 treated)
Unit cost of wastewater treatment to water
user
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Good management practice water
supply (Art 6 (2) (f))
National percentage of water production
utilities with established and enforced
protection zones
National percentage of water production
utilities with recognized certification (ISO
900 quality man, ISO 14000 env man, ISO
22000 Food safety man, WSP)
National percentage of water production
utilities with accreditation to national
accreditation laboratories
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Good management practice
sanitation (Art 6(2)(f))
Individual utility
– Annual mean removal % (BOD/N/P)
– Effluent quality target exceedance
– Sludge production (m3 sludge/ m3 wwater)
– Sludge treatment (tonnes/y/treatment method)
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Good management practice
sanitation (Art 6(2)(f))
National level
– Number of existing wwtp ( load in pop eq/y)
– Number of operational wwtp (with load)
– Number of planned wwtp
(with load and year of start up)
– Number of wwtp slated for upgrade (with load)
– Number of dysfunctional wwtp (w/ design
load)
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Untreated wastewater
(Art 6(2)(g)(i))
% of wastewater that is not collected
% of collected wastewater that is not
treated
% of collected wastewater that undergoes
only primary treatment
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Untreated storm water overflows
(Art 6(2)(g)(ii))
Capacity of sewage collection and
treatment plants to cope with stormwater
overflow
– dry weather flow vs storm water flow
– storage capacity for storm water runoff
– total number of storm overflows per year
Change from combined to separate
sewerage systems (pop served)
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Quality of discharges of waste
water Art 6 (2)(h))
Non compliance with limit concentrations
(domestic / industrial waster water)
Health indicators (faecal coliforms,
pathogens)
Quantity of dangerous substance released
Permit system for discharges / quality
control
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Disposal or reuse of sewage
sludge
(Art 6(2)(i) first part)
Basic statistics
– Production (tonne/y or tonne/m3 treated)
– Treatment means
– Disposal of raw sludge
– Disposal of treated sludge
– (nature, agriculture, reused inside and
outside the plant)
– Cases of non compliance
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Quality of waste water used for
irrigation purposes
(Art 6(2)(i) second part)
Agriculture
– E. coli per 100 ml per area of activity
– Helminth eggs per litre per area of activity
Aquaculture & protection of workers and
local communities
– E. coli per 100 ml
– Viable trematode eggs per litre
WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater Vol. 1 Policy and
regulatory aspects p 33
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Quality of waters used as sources
for drinking water
(Art 6(2)(j) first part)
Relevant obligations
- EU Water Framework Directive (art.
7(1)
- Repelled EU Abstraction Directive
(75/440/EEC)
- EU Ground Water Directive
2006/118/EC
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Quality of waters used for bathing
(Art 6(2)(j) second part)
Microbial quality values
– Based on 95th percentile value of intestinal
enterococci / 100 ml and taking into account
local conditions
WHO (2003) Guidelines for safe recreational water environment Vol 1 Coastal and
Freshwater WHO Geneva pp 70
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Enclosed bathing waters
(Art 6(2)(k))
Pool type Heterotrophic
plate count
TT coli
E. Coli
P.
Legionella
aeruginosa spp
Public, d
<200/ml week <1/100 ml w <1/100ml d <1/100ml q
Semi
public, d
<200/ml
monthly
<1/100 ml m <1/100 ml
demand
Natural
spa
n/a
<1/100ml w
<10/100 ml <1/100 ml
weekly
monthly
Hot tubs
n/a
<1/100 ml
Weekly
<1/100 ml
Weekly
<1/100 ml q
<1/100 ml
monthly
WHO (2006) Guidelines for safe recreational water environments Vol 2 WHO Geneva
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Quality of waters for aquaculture or
production of shellfish ((Art 6(2)(j)))
EU shellfish (and fish) directive: 79/923/EEC and
2006/44/EEC set standards and requires monitoring for
salinity, temperature, DO, As, Cd..
Existence of targets and parameters for waters used for
aquaculture or for the production or harvesting shellfish
depending on national situation
– physical parameters
– biological parameters
– chemical parameters
Compliance with these standards
Risk- approach: data on outbreak of shellfish-related
diseases
Other food-related legislation: 854/2004, 853/2004 etc.
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Identification and remediation of
contaminated sites (Art 6 (2) (l))
Inventory
Risk assessment (only related to risk of
water-related disease?
Remediative action taken (% of sites)
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Effectiveness of management of
water resources (Art 6 (2) (m))
Process related targets
– Enabling conditions (laws, regulations,
transboundary agreements)
– Institutional measures (RBO)
– Management instruments (river basin
management plans)
– Cross-cutting issues (financing, public
involvement, education, training)
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Effectiveness of management of
water resources (Art 6 (2) (m))
Quality and quantity aspects
– Based on national classification systems /
good status
– Focus on specific pollutants (pesticides)
– Population living under water scarcity
– Water exploitation index (national / river basin)
– Abstraction of water for domestic needs per
person
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Frequency of publication of information
on quality of drinking water and other
waters (Art 6 (2) (n))
Any period up to three years (art 7 (2))
Other reporting obligations
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