September 2015 Prepared by Environmental Health and Safety The university is committed to: • Providing a safe and healthy workplace. • Mitigating conditions.
Download ReportTranscript September 2015 Prepared by Environmental Health and Safety The university is committed to: • Providing a safe and healthy workplace. • Mitigating conditions.
September 2015 Prepared by Environmental Health and Safety The university is committed to: • Providing a safe and healthy workplace. • Mitigating conditions that could result in personal injury or illness. • Complying with applicable regulations. Injury and Illness Prevention Program ◦ Biosafety ◦ Chemical Hygiene Plan ◦ Radiation Safety ◦ Ergonomics ◦ Fire Safety ◦ Emergency Response ◦ Hazardous Waste Management Individual (Faculty, Staff) Managers, Supervisors, TAs President EHS is advisory role In short - everyone at CSUEB has responsibility for the occupational health & safety program and keeping themselves and others safe. Laboratory Deaths Dr. Karen Wetterhahn CSUEB Lab Injuries Cause Injury Formalin Splash – eye and mouth Hot beaker 2nd degree burn on hand Agarose gel boiled Burn on hand HCL Splash on cheek and nose Hot equipment Burn to finger Broken glass Cut to finger New: not existing before; made, introduced, or discovered recently or now for the first time Non-routine: work are jobs and tasks that are performed irregularly or being performed for the first time. Since these tasks and jobs are not performed regularly, it can be difficult to understand all of the hazards associated with the job. • Recognition and evaluation of lab hazards • Control risk from these hazards with: • Engineering control(s) • Work practices • Administrative controls • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Manage Hazardous Waste Everyone must play an active role in their own protection! Hazards Physical Process Hazards ◦ Flammable vapors ◦ Electrical ◦ Sparks ◦ Mechanical ◦ Pressure ◦ Non-ionizing radiation ◦ Oxygen deficient atmosphere ◦ Compressed gases ◦ Dust ◦ Cryogens ◦ Aerosols Chemical ◦ Splash ◦ Toxic / Reproductive ◦ Hazardous waste generated ◦ Reactive/explosives - peroxides ◦ X-rays ◦ Ignitable/Flammable ◦ Laser beams ◦ Corrosive ◦ Environmental hazard Biological Radioactive ◦ Noise ◦ ETC. Controls Controls Engineering controls Administrative controls ◦ Chemical fume hood ◦ Storage, disposal ◦ Isolator ◦ Not working alone ◦ Nitrogen blanket ◦ Good housekeeping ◦ Explosion proof equipment ◦ Review of procedure and materials, dry run ◦ Housing and coverings ◦ Is the sum more hazardous than the parts? ◦ Warning alarms and sensors ◦ Determined intermediates ◦ Substitution ◦ Ordering small quantity ◦ Small quantity / septum vial ◦ Contamination control Personal Protective Equipment Emergency Preparedness ◦ Shower and eyewash, spill kit, fire extinguisher Clothing ◦ Response plan and drill ◦ Eye and face protection ◦ MSDSs available ◦ Respirators ◦ Decontamination of injured? ◦ Special requirements such equipment shut-off ◦ Gloves ◦ Training Instructors and Professors Institutional Safety Committee EH&S EH&S Website Chemical Label and MSDS or SDS – Safety Data Sheets http://www20.csueastbay.edu/af/departments/riskmanagement/ehs/safety-data-sheets/index.html Electronic: • University websites • Listservs “Prudent Practices” – free PDF NIOSH Pocket Guide – free app, PDF Merck Index Condensed Chemical Dictionary Brethericks Handbook of Reactive Chemicals Centers for Disease Control (CDC) BMBL 5th ed. – free PDF Routes of Exposure Acute versus Chronic Health Hazards Physical Hazards 1. Inhalation 2. Ingestion 3. Skin & eye contact 4. Injection 14 Inhalation - Prevention 15 Skin & Eye Contact - Prevention 16 Ingestion - Prevention 17 Injection - Prevention 18 • Acute: Harmful effects through a single or short term exposure • Chronic: Harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous exposure. Paracelsus (~1567): "All substances are poisons, there is none which is not a poison; the right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy" Global Harmonization System (GHS) • • • • • • • • Irritants Corrosives Sensitizers – dermal and respiratory Toxic or highly toxic Target organ − Hepatotoxins − Nephrotoxins − Neurotoxins − Pulmonary Carcinogen Mutagen Reproductive Toxins (male, female, fetus) • Highly Toxic - LD50 <50 mg/kg, oral, rat Botulinum toxin-oral: 200 picogram/kg Sodium Azide: 27 mg/kg (oral, rat) Osmium tetroxide: 14 mg/kg (IP) • Moderately Toxic – LD50 >50 & < 500 mg/kg, oral, rat Acrylamide – 124mg/kg (oral, rat) Phenol – approx. 400mg/kg (oral, rat) Beta-mercaptoethanol - 244 mg/kg (oral, rat) Health Effects: • Acute • May be reversible • Acids and bases • Depends on exposure time & concentration • VERY serious eye and skin burns • Can be an inhalation hazard • pHs less than 6 and greater than 12 Examples: Bleach Sodium hydroxide Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric Acid …… etc 23 Can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue. Very common to see solvents that have a characteristic as central nervous system depressants that can have a effect on respiration. Examples: • Chloroform • Isoflurane • Acetone • Alcohol • Hexane • Methanol A chemical allergy is an adverse reaction by the immune system to a chemical. Type I or Type IV Hypersensitivity Health Effects: 1. Initial exposure may have no effects, need previous sensitization 2. Responses varies widely, skin rash to life threatening anaphylactic shock 3. Response depends on exposure, chemical, and individual 4. After initial exposure, trigger quantity very small Examples: Poison oak and ivy Bee stings Formaldehyde Metals – nickel Acid anhydrides Carcinogens Capable of causing cancer. See National Toxicology Program, OSHA or IARC Category I Examples of known; Ionizing radiation Ultraviolet radiation Benzene Formaldehyde Hepatitis B and C Mitomyacin C Visblastin Mutagens Causes changes to DNA above background. Does not mean it’s a carcinogen. Examples: Ethidium bromide Cisplatin Doxirubicin ◦ Effects for female, male or fetus ◦ Declaration of pregnancy is voluntary ◦ Important hazard recognition resources – www.osha.gov ◦ California Teratogen Information Services (CTIS) http://www.ctispregnancy.org/ ◦ Contact Donna Placzek 5-2395 if you have questions and would like a workplace evaluation ◦ Examples: Radiation Ethanol Lead Organic mercury Cytotoxic drugs Formalin MSDS • Flammable and combustible • Oxidizer • Pyrophoric • Organic peroxide • Peroxide former • Unstable (Reactive) • Compressed gas • Water-reactive • Extreme Temperatures • Explosive • Other Fire Triangle Acetone Ethanol Gasoline Flame Static electricity Electrical sparks Oxygen Bleach Hydrogen Peroxide 34 Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid has a sufficient vapor pressure to form an ignitable mixture with air. Gasoline 43 °C (−45 °F) Ethanol 16.6 °C (61.9 °F) A researcher should ask themselves when dealing with Flammable, Is the flash point below room temperature? Why? Flammable limits are the lower and upper concentration boundaries defining the range where the vapor mixes with air that can propagate a flame and possible explosion. Isopropanol Ethanol 2% 3.3% 12.7% 19 % 1% = 10,000 ppm 36 Compressed gases (example of pressurized systems) • Non-liquefied – Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, CDA • Dissolved gases – acetylene, ethylene oxide (carbon dioxide) • Liquefied – Carbon Dioxide, Liquid Nitrogen, R-22 Compressed gases: Forceful impact with objects, equipment rupture, release of gas Health Effects: Striking objects, flaying lines, embolisms, asphyxiation • • • 1 liter of liquid nitrogen produces around 700 liters of gas at atmospheric pressure 0.5 g of liquid nitrogen in a 1.5 ml vial will generate a pressure of 4,053 psi when it evaporates (atmospheric pressure = 14.7 psi) Damaged gas cylinders have become uncontrolled rockets or pinwheels What is the danger of an inert gas? (argon, helium, neon and nitrogen) • • • • Not toxic and does not burn or explode Can cause injury or death high concentrations by displacing oxygen If oxygen levels are low enough, people entering the area can lose consciousness or die from asphyxiation. Low oxygen levels can particularly be a problem in poorly ventilated spaces. 39 Low-Oxygen Health Effects 20.9% - Normal oxygen content of air. 16.0% - Increased pulse and breathing rate; impaired thinking and coordination. 13% - Very poor judgment and coordination; impaired respiration that may cause heart damage, nausea, and vomiting. <10% - Inability to move, loss of consciousness; convulsions; death. About 8 death/year in the US due to nitrogen asphyxiation in industry 40 Temperature extremes (hot or cold): Destroys tissues either by burning or freezing upon immediate contact Health Effects: Acute - immediate; Serious eye and skin burns; 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree burns Examples: •Liquid nitrogen (temperature, asphyxiation) •Dry ice (temperature, asphyxiation) •Steam (temperature) •Equipment •Bunsen burner Controls •Ventilation •Insulation •PPE Tissue preparation for frozen sectioning: Sample placed in liquid nitrogen -320°F ( -196°C) Freezing is complete within 8 to10 seconds. Exposure to LN2 splashed inside cryo glove 158F 149F 113F • Does the equipment need to be intrinsically safe? • Always remove equipment with damaged cords/plugs • Keep floors dry • Never drape power cords over equipment • Never alter grounding pins • Never daisy chain • Never run cords through doorways or walkways • Never remove LO/TO locks and tags • Use GFCI 45 • Clean up spills immediately • For large spill call Facilities at x4444 for clean-up • Watch out for computer cables 46 • Use a cart when possible • Check load before lifting • Use your legs, not your back • Don’t be afraid to ask for help • Call for help if you need it • Work as a team 47 The NFPA System • designed to alert fire fighters • assume that a fire is present • hazards associated with materials present • Numbering system is 0 to 4 • Four is the worst case • Acute hazards only 49 50 51 52 Identify hazards: • How toxic? - Acute or Chronic • Is it reactive? • Ignitable/Flammable? • Corrosive? • Physical hazard? • Quantity? Can’t change hazard but we can reduce risk Increase control measures as hazards increase Minimize direct exposure – ‘A L A R A’ (Reduce quantity, frequency and duration of exposure) • No eating, drinking in labs • Wash hands frequently • Don’t “sniff” chemicals • Clean-up spills immediately • Never work alone!!! Basic Principles • Think the process/experiment through ‘carefully’ • Review safety resources (electronic & colleagues) • Prepare an SOP (Std. Operating Procedure) • “Dry runs” • Keep work area uncluttered • Watch out for Sharps Inspection Cracked glassware disposed Contaminated glassware should be cleaned. Disposal Discard in proper container Safety for custodial employees Heating and Cooling Glassware Use borosilicate (e.g., "Pyrex") glassware designed to handle rapid temperature changes. Stoppering Glassware Glassware should be vented when heating to avoid over pressurizing and possible explosion. Label Containers All containers should be labeled to clearly indicate their contents. This includes glass and plastic reagent bottles and test tubes. Wear Safety Glasses Safety glasses should be worn at all times in a laboratory to prevent eye damage from broken glassware. Tie up long hair Wear tight fitting clothing Check tubing Room dilution • 10 AC/H in lab spaces • Lab pressure - negative to hallways and other non-lab spaces Local exhaust (fume hood, biosafety cabinet, snorkel…) Kimwipe to check air flow Keep water in drains control odors Important part of the ventilation system ◦ Contributes to Laboratory Exhaust Ventilation Shields workers by containing aerosols, vapors, dusts, gases, and fumes Sash helps prevent injury from splashes, fires, or minor explosions Certified annually by Facilities Contact Facilities Management for maintenance Maximize protection • • • • • • • • Avoid turbulence Work 6” – 8” inside hood face Smallest practical sash opening Keep baffles open, intact & properly adjusted Keep air foil in place and clear Check that is alarm functional Avoid using for storage Match the arrows Close sash for safety and energy savings Don’t use as storage space! Valuable engineering control! The Basics Flammables Peroxide formers Compressed gases Store liquids below eye level Store liquids and solids separately Segregate incompatibles Compatible secondary containment for liquids Don’t store chemicals near sinks Seismic restraints for refrigerators, chemical cabinets, heavy lab equipment Examples: ethyl ether, tetrahydrafuran (THF), dioxane, butadiene, cyclohexene Proper handling: Date container when received Date container when opened Dispose of through EH&S one year after receipt or by expiration date (which ever is less) NEVER touch a container that looks like this! Contact your supervisor ASAP Controls • Adequate room ventilation • Double chain cylinders • Keep cylinders capped if not in use • Use the proper regulator for the gas 69 •Segregate incompatible materials! •Double-chain cylinder restraints •Restrain equip. or objects > 5’ or capable of blocking exits (bookshelves / filecabinets / etc) . •Seismic “lips” for chemical or heavy equipment on shelves •Seismic net to help contain small objects At a minimum, all lab workers should have: • Safety glasses. • Disposable nitrile gloves • Lab coat • Closed shoes • Additional protection may be required What should you base PPE decisions on? Required for particles or vapors • Prescription safety glasses are available for employees. • Contact lenses may be worn in the lab – not eye protection. • Safety glasses must meet the ANSI Z87.1 standards Options: • Safety glasses • Goggles -unvented or indirectly vented • Face shield (with goggles) - splash • Other - UV & laser protection • Impact protection Disposable gloves • Incidental contact • Never re-use • Nitrile gloves recommended • If using latex, use hypo-allergenic, non-powdered Heavy-duty gloves • for non-incidental contact See manufacturer’s glove selection guide Check gloves for holes or tears before using Wash hands after removing gloves Removing gloves properly Lab coats worn whenever handling hazardous materials • Aerosols often created while handling liquids • Lab coat should stay in the lab: don’t wear it out to eat More protection may be necessary NOT THIS Contact EHS if you need respiratory protection FM, custodial, outside contractors Clear areas of hazardous materials and contamination prior to work ◦ Chem, bio, rad, sharps ◦ Wipe down equipment / surfaces Secure experiments Be available for questions Emergency Preparedness and Response Fire Utility interruptions in lab Chemical spill in lab Natural disasters (Earthquake) First step is prevention Electrical issues Replace frayed or cracked cords, buy electrical equipment that meet UL standards, do not daisy chain extension cords Comply with fire code for your building Keep fire doors closed. 18 inch clearance below fire sprinkler across the whole room Exit routes free of obstruction and marked with an exit sign Large fire (> office trashcan) • Notify others in area • Use pull station • Evacuate building Know two exits out of building. Do not use elevator when exiting building in an emergency. • Proceed to evacuation area • Call UPD with information Small fire (< office trashcan) • Use fire extinguisher Complete hands on F. E. training P-A-S-S • Keep your back to an exit BC Emergency Response Fire in lab or hood 1. 2. 3. 4. Immediately close the hood sash if safe to do so Evacuate the lab, shutting the lab door Evacuate the building by pulling the Fire Alarm Pull Station and leave the building Go to your Assembly Area and provide First Responders (UPD, Fire Department, EHS, VTLs) with information about the emergency such as location, cause, injuries, etc. Emergency Equipment Shower and eyewash (inspect monthly) Fire extinguisher (inspect monthly) Keep spill kits available Utility Disruptions Call Facilities Management x4444 Electrical emergency power - Red Plugs. Ventilation Disruption: 1. Don’t leave experiments unattended. 2. May result in reduced ventilation in the room and chemical laboratory hoods. 3. If safe to do so, close all chemical containers, especially flammable solvents. 4. This prevents the build up of flammable solvent vapor and fire. Emergency Response Chemical Spill Cordon off the area and call UPD having them call EH&S and your supervisorfor clean-up of hazardous materials if: Spill is greater then 1 liter flammable solvent and not under control Toxic or radioactive Injury or chemical exposure Fire or potential for a fire Environmental release Not comfortable cleaning it up Get the MSDS Otherwise use Spill Kit for clean-up and contact EH&S for disposal. Emergency Response Chemical Spill Kit Contents Safety Vet Goggles Apron Dust Pan Caution Tape 1 Large Pillow 2 Small Pillows 4 Socks 4 Pair Gloves pH Paper 10 Absorbent Pads 2 1 1 2 1 1 Hydrophobic Mop Heads Bag Diatomaceous Earth Bag Vermiculite 6-mil Clear Plastic Bags Waste Label Tie Wrap Emergency Response Biohazard Materials Spill Put on the required PPE (safety glasses, gloves, etc). Cordon off the area. Use disposal/paper towels to soak up most of the blood or bodily fluid. Place towels in leak-proof container (biohazard bag) for disposal. Cover contaminated surface with a towel and pour on a disinfectant (e.g. 1:10 Bleach) Allow it to sit for 5-10 minutes before wiping down area. Placed contaminated towels in biohazard bag for disposal. Bleach corrodes stainless steel, so wipe down with a non-bleach material compatible solution. Disinfect all equipment that comes in contact with contaminant during cleaning. If it’s a large spill and you use a mop, dispose or disinfect the mop head. Remove PPE (gloves, etc) and place in biohazard bag for disposal. Wash hands immediately with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after removing gloves. After cleanup is complete, take waste to designated disposal locations (South Science 3rd floor or Student Health Center). Wear another gloves to carry the waste. Wash hands again with soap and water after disposing waste. Emergency Response – TA Hazardous Chemicals on Skin 1. Rinse skin for a full 15 minutes and remove any contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if more then minor contact or there is a chemical injury at the Student Health and Counseling. Services. Bring MSDS. 2. Inform your supervisor. 3. Contact Jill Millican at x5-4227 for followup instructions. Emergency Response Hazardous Chemicals in Eyes First flush eye(s) with water for at least fifteen minutes. Forcibly hold eye open to rinse, while rotating eyeball. 1. 2. Remove contact lenses while rinsing. Do not reinsert contact lenses. 3. Go to the Student Heath & Counseling . Bring MSDS 4. Contact Jill Millican x5-4227 for follow-up information. Ambulance - call UPD for assistance Contact Jill Millican - WCC Bring MSDS Call EHS and Supervisor for clean-up Understand the risk to control it Prepare for the what ifs Ask lots of questions Lead by example Credit: Many photos from UCSD Lab Safety Training Any questions??? Contact EHS is you have any questions: Donna Placzek X5-2395