Transcript Plant Life Cycles Chapter #2 11/6/2015 What is a Life Cycle? • from the time a seed is planted seed is produced 11/6/2015 until a.

Plant Life Cycles
Chapter #2
11/6/2015
What is a Life Cycle?
• from the time a seed is planted
seed is produced
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until a
What are the Life Cycles?
• Annuals, Biennials, & Perennials
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Annual
• complete life cycle in one
growing season
• can be summer annuals (spring
wheat, barley) or winter annuals
(winter wheat)
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Biennials
• require two growing seasons
to produce seed
• first season plant produces vegetation,
second season seed (sugar beet,
carrot)
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Perennials
indefinite growth, can produce
seed annually (grasses,
trees, shrubs, onion)
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What is a Seed?
• package containing an embryo
(miniature plant) and food
• seeds are alive, need air
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What is Germination?
• process where embryo changes to
seedling (growing plant)
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What conditions are
necessary for
germination?
1) moisture
2) correct temperature
3) air
4) some seeds need light
5) some seeds need help (break seed
coat [sunflower], remove a chemical
from seed, heat, chill [winter wheat])
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What are Warm Season
Crops?
• soil temperature must be 70 degrees F
or more for germination (corn, rice,
cotton, melons)
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What are Cool Season
Crops?
• soil temp below 70 degrees F (wheat,
barley, beets)
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How deep do seeds
need to be planted?
•
•
•
•
the size of the seed determines
larger seed = deeper
corn = 4"
bluegrass = 1/4"
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Germination Process
1) seed absorbs water, swells
2) water activates enzymes which help
digest stored food
3) root grows
4) shoot emerges (is now a seedling)
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What is vegetative
growth?
• plant produces food for itself
• extra food is stored in roots, stems, etc.
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What is Tillering
(Stooling)?
• when new stems are formed in grass
plants
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What is Jointing?
• stems of grass plants elongate rapidly
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What is Respiration?
• process how plants get energy from its
stored food
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How is food stored in
plants?
• form of carbohydrates (sugars)
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How does respiration
work?
Food + Oxygen --> Carbon
Dioxide + Water + Energy
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What factors can influence
the rate of respiration?
1) high temps = high rate of
respiration
2) high amounts of light = high
rate
3) high amounts of water = high
rate
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What is Photosynthesis?
• process of converting water and carbon
dioxide into food (sugar) and oxygen in
the presence of chlorophyll and light
• photosynthesis and respiration are
opposite cycles
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What is Transpiration?
• process of returning water to the air (in
the form of gas)
• 99% of water taken in by roots is
transpired
• Wilt = plant transpires more than it
takes in
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What are Nutrients?
• elements needed by plants to grow
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What are
Macronutrients?
• needed in large amounts
• C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)
• plants get C, H, O from air and water
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What are Primary
Nutrients?
• N, P, K
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What are Secondary
Nutrients?
• Ca, Mg, S
• needed less
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What are
Micronutrients?
• needed in small amounts, but essential
• excess amounts are toxic
• Fe, Bo, Mn, Zn, Mo, Cu, Cl
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16 Essential Nutrients
• C HOPKNS CaFe Mg B Mn CuZn ClMo
• C Hopkins Café Managed By Mine
Cousin Clomo
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