Malaria Power Point Presentation By Rose Murey Graduate Student, Walden University 02 November 2014 overview Audience Definition of Malaria History of Malaria Malaria species Malaria transmission, life cycle, signs and.
Download ReportTranscript Malaria Power Point Presentation By Rose Murey Graduate Student, Walden University 02 November 2014 overview Audience Definition of Malaria History of Malaria Malaria species Malaria transmission, life cycle, signs and.
Malaria Power Point Presentation By Rose Murey Graduate Student, Walden University 02 November 2014 overview Audience Definition of Malaria History of Malaria Malaria species Malaria transmission, life cycle, signs and symptoms and diagnosis Malaria statistical facts, endemic regions and worldwide situation Malaria treatment, control and prevention measures Audience Health Care Workers Tourists Introduction What causes Malaria? A single-celled parasite called Plasmodium, transmitted through mosquito bites Where does the word Malaria come from? two medieval Italian words, “mal” which means Bad and “aria” which means air Why was malaria called bad air? First believed to be caused by bad air in areas such as marshes and swamps History of Malaria When and who discovered Malaria Parasites? In 1880 a French army surgeon named Charles Louis Alphonse When and who discovered that Mosquitoes Transmit Malaria Parasites? In 1897, a British officer named Ronald Ross Discovery of the different Species of Malaria Oschillaria malaria : French army surgeon Charles Louis Alphonse Tertian Periodicity- An Italian neurophysiologist called Camillo Golgi Quartan Periodicity: An Italian neurophysiologist called Camillo Golgi Parasite Species Plasmodium Falciparum: Formerly named Tertian Malaria, it’s the most severe species Plasmodium Vivax: Discovered 1890 by an Italian investigators Plasmodium Malarie: Discovered 1890 by an Italian investigators Plasmodium Ovale: Discovered in 1922 by John William Watson Stephens Reference: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ Mosquitos Species There are more than 3,500 species of mosquitos worldwide More than 400 species are female anopheles About 50 species known to transmit malaria Major African mosquito vectors bite indoors at night Reference: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/mosquitoes/ Malaria transmission Parasite Infected Mosquito Bite Parasite infected female anopheles mosquito bites its human host Releases the parasite through the salivary gland. The parasites enter the human blood stream and causes infection Malaria Signs and Symptoms Malaria Diagnosis Rapid Diagnostic test (RDT) (needle prick) Blood smear- More definitive test Life cycle of malaria Continuation of Life Cycle of Malaria Malaria Mortality Rates Malaria is a leading cause of death in children in Africa Every 60 seconds a child in Africa dies from malaria Every year, approximately 1 million deaths from malaria occur Reference: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/facts.html Malaria Incidence and Prevalence Every second there are 10 new cases of malaria in Africa Every year, an estimated 300-500 million people are infected with malaria Each year about 1,300 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States Reference: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/facts.html Malaria Endemic Areas World wide Malaria Situation Malaria Treatment, Control and prevention measures Antimalarials Quinine: Discovered early 17th century as medicine to treat fevers Choloroquin (Resochin): Discovered 1934, used as antimalarial in 1946 Vector Control Insecticide spraying: Outdoor and indoor spray using Dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane (DDT): Discovered in 1939 as an insecticide effective against malaria by Paul Muller Destruction of larval breeding sites Personal protection measures Insect repellent sprays and creams Wearing protective clothing Insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) Room screening Conclusion Malaria Global Action Malaria still remains a serious threat to sub-Saharan areas Currently the is no vaccination for malaria Insecticide health problems such as DDT Research programs and funding Global eradication programs World malaria day Reference: http://www.who.int/campaigns/malaria-day/en/ Global Malaria Eradication Efforts Reference: http://www.who.int/campaigns/malariaday/2014/en/ References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Malaria: Human Factors and Malaria. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/human_factors.html Gong, L., Parikh, S., Rosenthal, P. J., & Greenhouse, B. (2013). Biochemical and immunological mechanisms by which sickle cell trait protects against malaria. Malaria journal, 12(1), 317. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847285/ Snowden, F. M., & Bucala, R. (2014). The Global Challenge of Malaria: Past Lessons and Future Prospects. World Scientific Publishing Company. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/clc/2055762 Lukianova-Hleb, E. Y., Campbell, K. M., Constantinou, P. E., Braam, J., Olson, J. S., Ware, R. E., ... & Lapotko, D. O. (2014). Hemozoin-generated vapor nanobubbles for transdermal reagent-and needlefree detection of malaria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(3), 900-905. Retrieved from http://www.pnas.org/content/111/3/900.full References continuation Mubi, M., Janson, A., Warsame, M., Mårtensson, A., Källander, K., Petzold, M. G., & Björkman, A. (2011). Malaria rapid testing by community health workers is effective and safe for targeting malaria treatment: randomised cross-over trial in Tanzania. PloS one, 6(7), e19753. Retrieved from http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.00 19753 Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Malaria: Malaria facts. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/facts.html