Transcript Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges Rural Land Registration in China Dr.

Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
Rural Land Registration in China
Dr. Yang Zhao
March 10, 2009 · Washington DC
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
Content
A
Why did China need rural land registration?
B
How did the FAO/WB pilot project go?
C
What are the conclusion and next steps?
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
A
Why did China need rural land registration?
B
How did the FAO/WB pilot project go?
C
What are the conclusion and next steps?
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
1. Land Rights
• The current rural land institution in China
has been gradually established and
improved since 1978 when China launched
the opening and reform policy
• It featured as “collective-owned and
household-contracted (leased)”
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
1. Land Rights (Cont’ed)
• Ownership: two kinds
– Urban: state owned
– Rural: collective owned
• Rural land contract (use) right
– possessed by 200,160,000 agricultural
production units
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
2. Achievements made by householdbased land contract system
• Bidding farewell to a long-term agricultural
products shortage
• Stably producing enough food to huge
population within limited resources
– 21% of global population
– 9.0% of global arable land
– 6.5% of global water resources
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
Unit: 50 million Kg
11000
亿斤
10000
9000
8000
7000
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5000
年
4000
1978 1985 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
Figure 1: China’s Grain Production (1978-2008)
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
2. Achievements made by householdbased land contract system (Cont’ed)
• Increasing farmers’ income
– On average, the real growth rate of farmers’
income reached 7.1% in the past three
decades
– The Engel coefficient of rural residents went
down to 43% now from 68% in 1978
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
Unit: Yuan (USD 1= RMB 6.83 yuan)
5000 元
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
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1000
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0
1978
年
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
Figure 2: Net Income of Chinese Farmers (1978-2008)
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
2. Achievements made by householdbased land contract system (Cont’ed)
• Incidence of rural poverty declined immensely
– UNDP: It can never be overemphasized to
give China a higher evaluation when taking
consideration of the China’s contribution to
fulfill the MDG
– Without China's progress in reducing poverty,
the world poverty reduction in general is
moving backwards
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
2. Achievements made by householdbased land contract system (Cont’ed)
• The agricultural investment increased
significantly
– Total agricultural machinery power increased 5.5
times
– Agricultural mechanization level increasing from 20%
in 1978 to 41% now
– Effective irrigation area is 1.2 times of that in 1978
• The contribution rate of science and technology
to agricultural growth increased to 49% in 2007
from 27% in 1978
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
3. Reasons for piloting rural land registration
• Insufficient protection of farmers’ land rights
– Unclearly identified rural collective land ownership
– Incomplete and unreliable land contract right information on the
documents
• Segmented rural land registration system
– Rural land ownership: Ministry of Land & Resources
– Rural land contract right: Ministry of Agriculture
• Inconsistent with the “open-ended” land contract
–
–
–
–
No. 1 Document (1984) "rural land contract term of 15 years“
No. 11 Document (1993) “rural land contract term extension of 30 years“
“Open-ended” land contract from 3rd Session of the 17th Central Meeting
How to make the land contract certificate be in line with the new policy?
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
A
Why did China need rural land registration?
B
How did the FAO/WB pilot project go?
C
What are the conclusion and next steps?
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
1. Project Initiation
• Initiated by Vice Minister Xiwen Chen from Office of Central
Leading Group on Rural Works, GOC, WB and FAO jointly explored
the feasibility to conduct the pilot project on rural land registration
in 2004
• FAO officially approved the “China Rural Land Registration and
Certification Piloting Project” in July 2005
• The national PMO was set up in Center for Rural Development
Policy, China Agricultural University (Beijing) in August 2007
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
2. Project Workshops
• Jan. 20－21, 2007: Start-up workshop
(Beijing)
• Oct. 23－24, 2008: Mid-term Review
Workshop (Feidong County, Anhui Province)
• Jan. 18, 2009：Completion Workshop (Beijing)
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
3. Study Tours
• The study tour helped learn the international
experiences on rural land registration
– Invited by WB, a Chinese Delegation led by Vice
Minister Xiwen Chen conducted a study tour in US and
Canada and met with WB President in March 2006
– Supported by WB and FAO, the PMO staff conducted a
study tour in Australia and Indonesia in August 2006
– Assisted by ESRI Canada, the PMO staff conducted a
study tour to Canada in November 2008
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
4. Project Preparation
• Recruited specialists in the field of economics,
land survey and registration, public information
and law
• The domestic LandStar Company jointly worked
with ESRI (Canada) and ILS (US) to develop the
project IT system in 2007 and completed the
rural land contract right registration system in
2008
• Drafted the Project Operational Manual
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
5. Pilot Selection
• In July 2008, the pilot area was finally determined in
two villager groups in Huolong Village, Shitang
Township, Feidong County, Anhui Province
• The pilot project working group and its office as well
as the local PMO were set up in September 2008
• The baseline survey and capacity building carried
out by China Agricultural University in September
2008
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
6. Systematic First Registration
• During Sept. to Nov., 2008, the NJAU survey
team conducted the land survey, cadastre
identification and adjudication in the pilot
areas
• During Oct. to Dec., 2008, the local PMO
digitalized all land survey and cadastre
information of 787 land parcels from 78
farmer households
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
7. Project Outputs
• Survey and adjudication
– formed the adjudicated parcel maps after precise
land surveying
• Land Registration
– Digitize the land parcel and survey information into
the IT system
• Manual
– Operational Manual for China Rural Land
Registration and Certification
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
7. Project Outputs (Cont’ed)
• Report
– Country Strategic Report on Rolling-out the Rural
Land Registration
• Further pilot
– Promote the proposal to implement a bigger scale
rural land registration pilot in 1-2 counties in Anhui
Province
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
A
Why did China need rural land registration?
B
How did the FAO/WB pilot project go?
C
What are the conclusion and next steps?
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
1. Basic Conclusion
• Time is ripe for it
– Policy concern: consistent with the policy tendency
– Legal concern: Property Law identified the rural land
contract right as a sort of property rights
– Farmers concern: positively participate in the rural
land registration
– Organizational concern：supported by relevant
governmental agencies
– Technical concern: experiences and TAs from
international communities
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
2. Facing Challenges
• Need a huge amount of funds
– direct registration cost is between 33 - 47 yuan (USD
5 - 7) per land parcel in pilot
– More than 1 billion land parcels engender a huge cost
• Sectoral partition in urban and rural land
management, coupled with the different
agencies taking charge of various land utilization
categories, pose an obstacle to the land
registration
• Hardly “one-size-fits-all” due to the huge
regional disparity
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
3. Next Steps
• Employing a phased process to roll out
may take several years to several decades
– Phase I: Bigger scale pilot
– Phase II: Coastal and peri-urban areas
– Phase III: Remaining rural areas
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Conference on Land Governance in Support of the MDGs: Responding to New Challenges
Thank you!
Dr. Yang ZHAO
Deputy Director-General
General Office of Central Leading Group On Rural Works
National Project Coordinator
FAO-funded China’s rural land registration piloting project
E-mail: [email protected]
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