IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics Vienna, June 20-22, 2005

Water Statistics in the Mekong River Basin

Presentation outline

 About the Mekong River and the MRC  Water statistics at MRC  Sustainability issues  Conclusions IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 2

The Mekong River Basin

Six Riparian Nations in South East Asia 3 IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat

The Mekong River from source to delta

Average flow contribution

Upper Mekong (18%)

  China – 16% Myanmar – 2%

Lower Mekong (82%)

  Cambodia – Lao PDR – 18% 35%   Thailand – Viet Nam – 18% 11% IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 4

The Lower Mekong Basin     

Four

riparian countries

Population

rapid increase to 100 million in 2025 of 60 million, with Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Viet Nam are among the

poorest countries

in Asia and the World

Water

is an essential resource for livelihoods: fisheries, agriculture, energy … One of the

most productive and diverse ecosystems

in the world 5 IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat

The 1995 Agreement Cooperation in all fields of sustainable development, utilisation, management and conservation of the water and related resources of the Lower Mekong Basin IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 6

MRC Organizational Structure

Government of Cambodia Government of Lao PDR Government of Thailand Government of Vietnam DONOR CONSUL TATIVE GROUP

(Donor countries and cooperating institutions)

COUNCIL

(Members at Ministerial and

Cabinet Level)

JOINT COMMITTEE

(Members at level of Head of Department or higher)

NATIONAL MEKONG COMMITTEES (NMC)

(Member Agencies)

Mekong River Commission Secretariat

Operational arm providing Technical and Administrative Support

IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 7

To make optimal use of water in the various sectors Irrigated Agriculture Fisheries Hydropower Navigation Watershed Management Flood Management Water Supply and Sanitation Tourism IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 8

MRC is data hungry!

Some examples of current data holdings… • Administration • Climate • Culture • Fisheries • Forestry • Inundation (flooding) • Irrigation • Population & Human settlements • Socio-economics • Soils • Topography • Transportation • Water •

Hydro-meteo time series

•

Water Quality

•

Water use

IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 10

Historical HM time series data

Data type No. of stations

Water level & discharge 242 Rainfall Meteorology Sediment 503 44 60 > 16,000 station yrs  More WL than Discharge  Quality control ongoing  Used for many purposes  Published yearly IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 11

IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Operational HM time series data

Forecasting time-series data Item

Water level Data

Flood season

44

Dry season

19 Rainfall Data Delivery interval 44 Daily 19 Weekly

Near real-time data (telemetric) Item

Water Level Rainfall Data Delivery interval

AHNIP

18 2 Daily

M-HYCOS

< 50 < 50 Hourly?

2 stations from China

Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 12

Use of operational HM data

   Flood forecasting

Flash flood forecasting Navigation

June 13, 2005 Station name

Chiang Saen Luang Prabang Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane Nakhon Phanom Thakhek Mukdahan Savannakhet Khong Chiam Ubon (Nam Mun) Pakse StungTreng Kratie Kompong Cham Phnom Penh (Bassac) Phnom Penh Port Koh Khel (Bassac) Neak Luong Prek Kdam (Tonle Sap) Tan Chau Chau Doc (Bassac)

Station name

Chiang Saen Luang Prabang Chiang Khan Vientiane Nongkhai Paksane Nakhon Phanom Thakhek Mukdahan Savannakhet Khong Chiam Ubon (Nam Mun) Pakse StungTreng Kratie Kompong Cham Phnom Penh (Bassac) Phnom Penh Port Koh Khel (Bassac) Neak Luong Prek Kdam (Tonle Sap) Tan Chau

Mekong River Commission

Chau Doc (Bassac)

ID

CSA LUA CKH VIE NON PAK NAK THA MUK SAV KHO UBO PKS STR KRA KOM PPB PPP KOH NEA PRE TCH CDO

ID

CSA LUA CKH VIE NON PAK NAK THA MUK SAV KHO UBO PKS STR KRA KOM PPB PPP KOH NEA PRE TCH CDO

Legend

#N/A No Warning Warning level reached Flooding level reached No data available No data available

Zero gauge level MSL

357.11

267.195

194.118

158.04

153.648

142.125

130.961

129.629

124.219

125.022

89.03

105.074

86.49

36.79

-1.08

-0.93

-1.02

0

Zero gauge level

.

Alarm Observed water levels MSL

357.11

267.195

194.118

158.04

153.648

142.125

130.961

Flood level Alarm level Status

11.80

11.50

0 18.00

17.40

17.50

17.32

0 0 12.50

12.20

14.50

12.70

11.50

11.40

13.50

12.60

0 0 0 0

7-Jun

2.94

4.44

3.38

1.14

1.85

3.78

1.96

8-Jun

3.15

4.61

3.52

1.12

1.81

3.70

1.90

9-Jun

3.16

5.13

3.96

1.28

1.90

3.76

2.10

10-Jun

3.07

5.57

4.38

1.60

2.24

4.24

2.22

11-Jun

3.04

5.74

4.81

1.84

2.51

4.43

2.50

12-Jun

3.36

5.73

5.34

2.04

2.70

4.68

3.10

13-Jun

3.07

5.57

4.38

2.30

2.97

4.98

3.50

14-Jun

3.04

5.37

4.33

2.22

2.89

5.15

3.60

129.629

124.219

-0.93

-1.02

13.50

12.60

16.20

12.00

13.00

12.50

15.20

10.50

0 0 0 0 3.08

2.25

2.89

1.78

3.05

2.22

2.89

1.81

3.35

2.28

2.93

1.84

3.48

2.41

3.02

1.92

3.75

2.52

3.20

2.01

4.35

2.83

3.33

2.06

4.75

3.33

3.45

2.09

5.07

3.75

125.022

13.00

12.00

0 1.30

1.19

1.22

1.31

1.34

1.71

2.22

2.56

89.03

105.074

86.49

36.79

-1.08

16.20

10.50

12.00

12.00

23.00

16.00

11.00

10.70

22.00

0 0 0 0 0 2.42

1.78

1.42

2.57

7.29

2.57

1.75

1.58

2.60

7.32

2.60

1.72

1.62

2.72

7.49

2.59

1.67

1.62

2.83

7.67

2.68

1.65

1.66

2.90

7.81

2.88

1.63

1.76

2.91

7.95

2.84

1.69

1.90

2.94

8.01

2.15

2.99

8.11

3.49

2.12

0 11.00

9.50

0 0.95

0.97

0.99

1.05

1.13

1.16

1.20

1.23

-0.33

0.08

0 0 7.90

8.00

10.00

4.20

3.50

7.40

7.50

9.50

3.00

2.50

0 0 0 0 0 1.89

0.93

0.97

0.00

0.08

1.92

0.99

0.99

0.19

0.18

1.96

1.03

1.02

0.23

0.39

2.01

1.12

1.06

0.14

0.27

2.07

1.22

1.15

0.07

0.20

2.11

1.28

1.19

0.00

0.12

2.13

1.30

1.22

0.01

0.13

2.16

1.32

1.24

0.03

0.05

-0.33

0.08

0 0

Flood level

11.80

18.00

17.40

12.50

12.20

14.50

12.70

13.50

12.60

13.00

16.20

10.50

12.00

12.00

23.00

16.20

12.00

11.00

7.90

8.00

10.00

4.20

3.50

Rainfall 12-Jun

17.3

n/r 1.6

n/r 7.3

5.5

14.0

3.8

6.8

n/r n/r 4.7

n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r n/r 0.9

31.1

1.3

n/r n/r

Data Status

2 2 2 2 2 -99 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 -99 -99 -99 -99 -99 -99 -99 -99 -99

7-Jun

1666 1543 1250 1517 1509 3451 2997 2832 3164 2814 106 2882 3801

8-Jun

1849 1637 1308 1506 1489 3365 2958 2792 3002 2998 102 3179 3906

Observed discharges 9-Jun

1858 1941 1504 1596 1535 3656 3360 2873 3045 3035 98 3255 4335

10-Jun

1778 2220 1710 1786 1717 3835 3542 3050 3178 3022 91 3255 4741

11-Jun

1752 2334 1943 1939 1873 4270 3934 3205 3223 3136 88 3331 5005

12-Jun

2040 2327 2262 2073 1990 5271 4875 3660 3798 3394 85 3525 5043

13-Jun

1778 2220 1710 2258 2164 5990 5554 4455 4654 3342 93 3803 5158

14-Jun

1752 2091 1684 2200 2111 6177 6128 5180 5266 4318 5351

Forecasted water levels 15-Jun 16-Jun 17-Jun

2.95

5.18

4.15

2.17

2.84

4.95

3.70

5.17

4.00

2.81

2.85

5.08

4.07

2.13

2.80

4.80

3.60

5.07

4.08

2.89

3.16

4.87

4.00

2.07

2.74

4.70

3.50

4.97

3.98

2.80

18-Jun

3.44

4.99

3.95

1.96

2.63

4.52

3.42

4.90

3.88

2.70

2.39

3.02

8.25

3.57

2.15

1.26

2.16

1.35

1.26

0.08

0.04

Forecasted discharges 15-Jun

1674 1972 1594 2164 2078 6365 6312 5636 5735 4833 5469 2.62

3.05

8.36

3.67

2.20

1.31

2.18

1.37

1.28

0.12

0.07

16-Jun

1589 1911 1556 2136 2053 6177 6128 5786 5889 5346 5587 2.70

3.22

8.40

3.75

2.25

1.36

2.21

1.41

1.30

0.15

0.13

17-Jun

1858 1786 1522 2094 2015 5990 5946 5599 5716 5528 6271 2.60

3.23

8.40

3.80

2.30

1.40

2.25

1.44

1.32

0.22

0.19

18-Jun

2115 1856 1499 2019 1946 5843 5820 5415 5527 5300 6312 IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 13

Water Quality Statistics  100 sites  Monthly samples  Delivered yearly/quarterly  20 parameters  Analysis by designated labs  QA procedures in place – – Round robin analysis Standard samples  Used to examine spatial patterns and trends in WQ 14 IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat

Water Use Data  ~ 80% of water abstracted is used in agriculture  Measurement of direct water use quite limited in LMB  Estimations calculated (estimated) on secondary data  Secondary data not always available, complete or accurate  Current water use estimations could usefully be improved IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 15

Sustainability issues



Technical and institutional mechanisms



Quantity, reliability and timeliness



Continuity: management of data collection networks



Availability of resources and capacity



These issues applies to all MRC data collection

(and other organizations

…

?)

IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 16

Institutional and technical mechanisms

 Improving conditions for data exchange and sharing – – Regional forum for D&I exchange and sharing issues (TACT) – Build trust and change attitudes National data custodianship – – Develop procedures, guidelines etc Support to national agencies  The MRC Information System – Integrated databases – – – Models Institutional and technical mechanisms Capacity enhancements IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 17

Quantity, reliability, timeliness

 Improvement of HM network density – Climate data especially  Quality Assessment and Assurance – – Database review SOPs, QA procedures, …  Timeliness – – – Delays in validation and delivery to MRC Data Delivery Schedule & support to countries Real-time telemetry networks IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 18

Continuity: management of networks

 O&M closely related to sustainability of financial human resources and  O&M cost can be quite substantial – – Some national budgets very limited Limited lasting effect of projects  Situation not unique to LMB …  Gradual improvements expected  Support to countries required in foreseeable future IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 19

Limitations in resources and capacity

 Access to skilled staff and sufficient funds two critical elements – Present limitations in both is a challenge  Regional HM capacity/skills are in shortage – Big differences between MRC member countries  Clear need to build regional capacity – Long-term commitment required  In recognition of current limitations … – – – MRC seeks to establish new DSIM Programme Donor funding sought 5 year implementation phase IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 20

Access to MRC data Internal –

LAN/GIS software

–

Web Portal  Interactive maps  Metadata catalog

External –

Requests to MRCS

– Data publications (Atlas CDs, Yearbooks

…

) –

Online (www.mrcmekong.org)  Flood forecasting/river monitoring  Web Portal IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 21

Conclusions

 MRC holds substantial amounts of data  Improvements needed to provide data required in the future  MRC data collection depends on regional and national capacity and resources  Lack of resources a limiting factor  Sustainability in management of data collection networks a tough challenge  Implementation of

Decision Support and Information Management Programme

good step forward will be a 22 IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat

IWG-Env International Work Session on Water Statistics, Vienna, June 20-22, 2005 Ulf Hedlund, MRC Secretariat 23