Transcript Human Trafficking Healthcare Provider Awareness and Intervention Training Objectives • Define Human Trafficking (HT) Labor & Sex • Scope and purpose of IPATH • Recognize.

Human Trafficking
Healthcare Provider Awareness
and Intervention Training
Objectives
• Define Human Trafficking (HT) Labor & Sex
• Scope and purpose of IPATH
• Recognize statistical significance of crime
• Roles & characteristics of those involved
• Identify victims for opportunity to intervene
• Spread awareness & intervention training
What is Human Trafficking?
•
The fastest growing criminal industry in the world
•
A crime second only to drug trafficking
•
Generates $150.2 BILLION annually
•
Modern day slavery
HUMAN TRAFFICKING HOTLINE:
1-888-3737-888
Labor Trafficking
Labor
Trafficking:
The recruitment,
harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a
person for labor or
services, through the use
of force, fraud, or coercion
for the purpose of
subjection to involuntary
servitude, peonage, debt
bondage, or slavery.(1)
Sex Trafficking
Sex Trafficking:
A commercial sex act
induced by force,
fraud, or coercion, or
in which the person
induced to perform
such act has not
attained 18 years of
age.(1)
Where are trafficked persons found?
Trafficking is found in many industries including:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The sex industry
Agricultural industry (farmer uses for crop harvest)
Construction industries
Factories, restaurants, hotels
Domestic servitude as servant,
housekeeper or nanny
Health and beauty industries
As a bride
As beggars or peddlers
As a child soldier
Indiana’s anti-trafficking task
force
Indiana Protection for Abused and Trafficked Humans
www.indianaagainsttrafficking.org
42
One of
human trafficking task forces nationwide originally funded by the Department of
Justice’s Office of Victims of Crime and the Bureau of Justice Assistance.
Task Force Partnering Agencies & Organizations:
U.S. Attorney’s Office – Northern District and Southern District, Indiana Attorney
General’s Office, FBI, Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department, Marion County
Prosecutor's Office, Homeland Security, Indiana State Police, Department of Labor,
Department of Child Services, The Julian Center, Neighborhood Christian Legal Clinic
and others
The Goals of IPATH:
1. Enhance law enforcement’s
ability to identify and rescue
victims.
2. Provide resources and training
to identify and rescue victims.
3. Ensure comprehensive services
are available for victims.
A Collaborative
Client-Centered Approach
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
AWARENESS
VICTIM
Community organizations
partnering together to
SERVICES
outreach and
Worksprovide
with identified
victims
education
to &
thesocial
community
providing
legal
services
on human trafficking
TRAINING
Provides trainings to
people that might
come into contact with
victims.
Collaborates with agencies on
current/future investigations,
provides officer trainings, &
prevention tactics
VICTIM
SERVICES
Works with identified victims
providing legal & social services
PROTOCOL
Creating and evaluating protocol
& procedures
for handling human trafficking
situations
Who is involved in trafficking?
• The
recruiter/spotter gains the victim’s trust and then
sells them for labor or to a pimp. Sometimes this is a
boyfriend, a neighbor, or even a family member.
• The
trafficker/pimp is the one who controls the victims.
By making the victim fearful through abuse, threats, and
lies the trafficker gains power over his/her victim.
• The
• The
trafficked person or victim could be anyone.
consumer/john funds the human trafficking industry
by purchasing goods and services. S/he may be
unaware that someone is suffering and that there is a
victim.
Three Elements of Trafficking
In order to be considered trafficking on both federal
and state levels, all three of these elements must be
identified:
Recruiting
harboring,
moving, or
obtaining a
person
By force, fraud
or coercion
For the purpose
of involuntary
servitude,
debt bondage,
slavery or sex
trade
There does not have to have physical abuse.
What is Force, Fraud, & Coercion?
Force
Coercion
Fraud
• Kidnapping
• Promises of valid immigration
• Debt bondage
• Torture
• Falsified documents
• Threats of harm to victim or
• Battering
• Victim told or pressured to use
• Threats with
weapons
• Sexual abuse
• Confinement
• Forced use of drugs
false travel papers
• Contract signed for legitimate
work
• Promised job differs from
actuality
• Forced abortions
• Promises of money or salary
• Denial of medical
• Misrepresentation of work
care
conditions
• Wooing into romantic
relationship
family
• Control of children
• Controlled communication
• Photographing in illegal
situations
• Holding ID/travel
documents
• Verbal or psychological
abuse
• Control of victims money
• Punishments for
misbehavior
Indiana Law: IC
Trafficking:
A person who, by force,
threat of force, or fraud
engages a person in:
•Forced Labor
•Involuntary Servitude
•Marriage
•Prostitution
•Participation in Sexual
Conduct
(2)
35-42-3.5-1
Prosecutors don’t have to prove force
when a minor under the age of 18 is
being trafficked
Any individual can be guilty of
committing trafficking of a child; no
specific relationship required
Restitution is available to trafficking
victims
Trafficking victims may also have a
civil cause of action to recover other
damages from the trafficker
Myths & Statistics
Myth #1: All prostitutes are willing participants.
• Children as young as 12 are used in commercial sex and
prostitution. (4)
• Every year 1 million children are exploited by the commercial
sex trade worldwide. (5)
• Commercial sex is extremely violent and dangerous.
• 34 is the average age of death for those in commercial sex.(6)
http://youtu.be/-NQoaf-2nsE
Myths & Statistics
Myth #2: Human trafficking occurs only in foreign countries.
• Between 14,500 and 17,500 men, women, and children are
trafficked into the United States each year. (7)
• Every year 100,000 to 300,000 U.S. children are at risk of being
victims of sex trafficking, according to the National Center for
Missing and Exploited Children. (8)
• Of sex trafficking victims found in the U.S., 83% were U.S.
citizens, according to a Justice Department study. (9)
Midwest/Indiana statistics
BJA Funded AntiTrafficking Task
Forces
Cases in US
Cases in Midwest
Cases in Indiana
5,143 (2007-2012)
392 (2007-2012)
134 (law
enforcement)
123 (service
providers)
Information was obtained from the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA).
The BJA Task Forces in the Midwestern Region were located in the states of:
Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
OVC is the Office for Victims of Crime
Origin & Destination
(10)
Countries
The United States is one of the most
popular destinations for human
trafficking.
Human Trafficking & Sporting Events
Studies have shown that there is an increase in the demand for
commercial sex services surrounding large sporting events or
conventions such as the Super Bowl, World Series, etc.
According to the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department,
68 prostitution arrests were made before and on the day of the
2011 Super Bowl.
2 human trafficking victims were identified and 2 other
potential human trafficking victims were identified.
Reported Rescue of 16 youth ages 13 to 17 during a sting
operation by the FBI targeting sex traffickers bringing victims to
New Jersey for the Super Bowl weekend (FoxNews.com,
February 4, 2014).
The Victim or Trafficked Person
Human Trafficking has no socioeconomic or cultural barriers. Regardless
of their demographics, victims are vulnerable in some way, and the
traffickers will use their particular vulnerability to exploit them.
Some risk factors –
Think: “What makes a person vulnerable?”
Youth
Poverty
Unemployment
Desperation
Homes in countries torn by armed conflict, civil unrest,
political upheaval, corruption, or natural disasters
Family backgrounds with violence, abuse, conflict
Chronic runaways; involvement in the child welfare system
Homelessness
A need to be loved
Immigration status
Addiction
Why Don’t Trafficked Victims Escape?
TRAFFICKED PERSONS HAVE JUSTIFIABLE FEARS!
•They may be in danger if they try to leave.
•The traffickers have such a strong psychological and physiological
hold on them -“Trauma Bonding” (imbalance of power and
intermittent violence).
•They fear for the safety of their families in their home countries or
in the U.S.
•They are afraid of being deported or arrested.
•They may fear the U.S. legal system because they may not
understand the laws that protect them.
•They may not be able to support themselves on their own.
IT IS OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT AND ASSIST
PEOPLE BEING EXPLOITED.
How Are People Recruited?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Grooming / “Boyfriend”
Internet and social media
Fake employment agencies
Acquaintances or family
Newspaper ads
Front businesses
Word of mouth
Abduction
Brittany
Backpage.com
The Trafficker
•The trafficker will likely be
in a lucrative business
enterprise as the heart of
human trafficking is
exploiting cheap labor.
•The trafficker may be part
of a larger organized
crime ring or gang, or
may be profiting
independently.
The Trafficker
• Might be someone who knows the victim and
victim’s family.
• May be bilingual.
• May be an older man with younger women who
seems to be controlling, watching their every move,
and correcting/instructing them frequently.
The Consumer / John
• 10% of men in the U.S.
buy sex from prostituted
or trafficked
individuals.(11)
• Frequent “Johns” are
more likely to be
married/older. (12)
• Don’t Buy the Lie.(13)
• Anyone who
unknowingly (or
knowingly) purchases
goods and services from
an organization who
uses trafficked victims.
Role of Healthcare Providers
As a provider, you are in a unique position to recognize,
identify, reach out and rescue victims.
While trafficking is largely a hidden crime, many victims are in
plain sight if you know what to look for.
Since pimps and traffickers generally exercise nearly complete
control of their victims, these points of contact with healthcare
represent rare opportunities for victim identification and
intervention.
A Critical Role for Healthcare Providers
• 87.8% of trafficking victims encounter a health care
professional while still captive.(19)
• Few if any of these encounters result in the victim being
freed because of lack of training to recognize victims.(14)
• Lack of training results in misconceptions among healthcare
providers, hindering identification of and service provision to
victims.(15)
Victim Contact with Health Care
(19)
Provider
Treatment Source
% Reporting (N = 98)
Any contact with healthcare
87.8%
Any type of clinic
57.1%
Hospital / ER
63.3%
Planned Parenthood
29.6%
Regular doctor
22.5%
Urgent care clinic
21.4%
Women’s health clinic
19.4%
Neighborhood clinic
19.4%
On-site doctor
5.1%
Other
13.3%
Victim Contact with Health Care
Provider
• Pregnancy, miscarriage, and / or abortion was
experienced by more than ½ of female survivors.(19)
• Obtaining birth control is another reason for victims to
interact with a healthcare provider.
• 51.7% obtain from doctor or clinic(19)
• 65.2% said they went alone to get it(19)
Identification of
Victims
Identification: Underlying Conditions
Victims suffer from host of physical and psychological problems
stemming from:
• Inhumane living conditions
• Poor sanitation
• Inadequate nutrition
• Poor personal hygiene
• Brutal physical and emotional abuse
• Dangerous workplace conditions
• General lack of medical care
Identification: Common Signs
•
Most suggestive physical symptoms are injuries from
physical violence - signs of being kicked, punched,
beaten, forced sex – as nearly all survivors reported
these(19)
•
Reproductive history – STDs, Pregnancies, Abortions
•
Weight loss, malnutrition, loss of appetite, eating
disorders – 71.4% victims reported at least one of
these(19)
•
Drug and/or Alcohol Addiction (control mechanism by
trafficker or as a coping mechanism for the abuse)
•
Psychological Symptoms
Identification: Violence & Abuse
% Reporting (n=103) (19)
Common Forms of Violence/Abuse
Some form of violence/abuse
95.1%
Forced sex
81.6%
Punched
73.8%
Beaten
68.9%
Kicked
68.1%
Forced unprotected sex
68.0%
Threatened with weapon
66.0%
Strangled
54.4%
Abused by a person of authority
50.5%
Identification: Physical Signs
Category
% of respondents reporting at least one
symptom(19)
Any Physical Health Problem
99.1% (N=106)
Neurological
91.7% (N=106)
General Health
86.0% (N=105)
Injuries
69.2% (N=102)
Cardiovascular / Respiratory
68.5% (N=106)
Gastrointestinal
62%
Dental
54.3% (N=105)
(N=106)
In one study, 57% of victims experienced 12 or
more concurrent health symptoms at the time of
discovery.(17)
Identification: Substance Abuse
% Reporting Usage (N=102) (19)
Substance
Substance Abuse
84.3%
Alcohol
59.8%
Marijuana
53.4%
Cocaine
50.5%
Crack Cocaine
44.7%
Heroin
22.3%
Ecstasy
13.6%
PCP
9.7%
Identification: Psychological Problems
During Trafficking (N =
106)
After Trafficking (N =
83)
Change in % Reporting
Reported at least one
psychological issue
98.1%
96.4%
-1.7%
Average number of
psychological issues
12.1
10.5
-1.6
Depression
88.7%
80.7%
-8.0%
Flashbacks
68.0%
63.9%
-4.1%
Shame / guilt
82.1%
71.1%
-11.0%
PTSD
54.7%
61.5%
+6.8%
Attempted suicide
41.5%
20.5%
-21.0%
Identification: Social
(16)
Indicators
 Potential victim is accompanied by another person who
seems controlling and/or insists on speaking for the victim
 Numerous inconsistencies in his or her story
 May have signs of neglected healthcare needs
 Is not in control of their own money and/or may have an
excess amount of cash
 False or no legal documentation – i.e., license or state
issued identification for U.S. Citizens; passport, Green Card,
or other identification for foreign nationals
 Uses restricted or scripted communication
Identification: Social
(16)
Indicators
 May have hotel room keys in possession
 May be a chronic runaway/homeless youth
 May describe signs of frequent relocation
 May have signs of branding (tattoo, jewelry)
 May lie about age
 Lack of knowledge of a given community or
whereabouts
Identification: Behavioral Indicators
 Avoids eye contact
 Exhibits a loss of sense of time or space
 Disorientation, confusion, phobias, or panic
attacks caused by daily mental abuse, torture,
and culture shock
 Exhibits behaviors including hyper-vigilance or
paranoia, nervousness, tension, submission,
etc.
Screening
S.A.R.T. – Sexual Assault
Response Team
SART models have
dramatically enhanced the
services provided to
victims of sexual assault in
communities throughout
the United States and
should be used for
trafficking victims
whenever possible.
Word choice & conveying appropriate
information to victims of trafficking
(20)
DON’TS
You are safe now.
No one here will
hurt you.
Coming to us and
working with us will
help you.
DOS
We will do
everything we can
to keep you safe.
DON’TS
DOS
You are a victim,
not a criminal.
We are not
working with the
individuals who
hurt you and took
advantage of you.
We are here to
help you.
The people who
did this to you
are the
criminals. You
were mistreated
and your rights
were violated.
You can trust me [Do not say this.
Show them this.
It is much more
impactful.]
We are here
because we want
to do our best to
help you and
protect you as well
as your family.
We want to
make sure what
happened to you
doesn’t happen
to any one else.
[Inflicts guilt;
victim blaming;
onus is never on
the victim for
prevention]
Interview
 Conduct all interviews in a private setting away from
the person accompanying the patient.
 May need an interpreter, but, do not allow the
accompanying person to act as the interpreter.
 Interview may take significant time as the patient may
not recognize himself/herself as a victim.
 Be sensitive, every incident of human trafficking is
different.
 Do not ask if they are a victim of human trafficking as
they may not even know what is happening to them
or may have been trained to lie about it. They may
even feel responsible for their situation.
Interview

If the Individual is a female, approach should be
made by a female staff member.

Separate the Individual from his/her belongings and
escort/interpreter.

The victim may be wearing/carrying some sort of
tracking/communication device such as a GPS
transmitter, cell phone or other small device – you
can separate the victim from these devices by getting
him/her into a gown and into an x-ray room.

If possible, choose a comfortable space which is
conducive to confidentiality.
Interview

Utilize existing culturally sensitive protocols.

Use age-appropriate language when working with
minors.

When you ask about sexual history, be sure to
distinguish between consensual experiences and
non-consensual experiences.

The victim may indeed lie about his/her age.

There may be evidence of sexual trauma, untreated
STDs or frequent pregnancies/abortions.
Interview

Individual reports an excessively large number of
sexual partners, especially when it is not ageappropriate.

Individuals under the age of 18 may express interest
in, or may already be in, relationships with adults or
older men.

Victim may use lingo or slang relating to the
individual’s involvement in prostitution.

There may be evidence of controlling or dominating
relationships.

Victim may not know when or where last medical
examination was done.
Key Questions for HT Determination
 Can you leave your work or job situation if you want?
 When you are not working, can you come and go as you
please?
 Have you been threatened with harm if you try to quit?
 Has anyone threatened your family?
 What are your working or living conditions like?
 Where do you sleep and eat?
 Do you have to ask permission to eat, sleep or go to the
bathroom?
 Is there a lock on your door or windows so you cannot get
out?
Physical
Assessment
Physical Assessment

May or may not be wearing inappropriate clothing.

May have tattoos on the neck and/or lower back
i.e. a man’s name or initials (most often
encountered with US citizen victims).

Other types of branding – i.e. cutting or burning.
Physical Assessment

Malnourishment or generally
poor health

Signs of physical abuse –
unexplained injuries or signs of
prolonged abuse including
injuries / bruises at different
stages of healing:
- Bruises
- Black eyes
- Burns
- Cuts
- Broken bones
- Broken teeth
- Multiple scars (including
from electric prods)
Physical Assessment

Evidence of a prolonged infection that could easily be
treated through a routine physical/check up

Addiction to drugs and/or alcohol

Urinary difficulties, pelvic pain, pregnancy, or rectal trauma
caused from working in the sex industry

Chronic back, hearing, cardiovascular, or respiratory
problems as a result of forced manual labor in unsafe
conditions

Poor eyesight and/or eye problems due to dimly lit work sites

Serious dental problems
Documentation
• Written records should document the time between
the abuse and the time the exam is conducted as well
as describe the patient’s demeanor.
• Patient’s words should be set off in quotation marks;
should not use phrases implying doubt, such as
“patient alleges.”
• Should not summarize the patient’s report.
• Should not refer to the perpetrator of the abuse with
terms that might be used by the patient, such as “my
boyfriend.”(18)
Documentation
When observations conflict with a patient’s statement,
healthcare providers should record reasons for the
differences.
For example, if a patient’s injuries are consistent with being
struck by an object but the patient reports falling down stairs this
should be recorded and medical providers should document the
specific elements of the injury that are consistent with the impact
of an object and inconsistent with a fall.
Long-term Sequelae
•
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
•
Persistent symptoms of increased arousal – i.e.
difficulty falling or staying asleep, irritability or
outbursts of anger, difficulty concentrating,
exaggerated startle response
•
Intense distress/reactivity to internal/external cues that
symbolize or resemble aspect of traumatic event
•
“Hyper-vigilance” or paranoia, fear, anxiety,
depression, submission, tension and/or nervousness
•
Trauma bonding
Long-term Sequelae
•
Severe depression
•
Suicidal ideation
•
Spiritual questions
•
Feelings of being mentally broken
•
Multiple symptoms resulting from untreated STDs
•
Sexual dysfunction
•
Difficulty establishing/maintaining healthy relationships
Trauma Informed Care
• Aims to avoid re-victimization.
• Appreciates many problem behaviors began as
understandable attempts to cope.
• Strives to maximize choices for the survivor and control
over the healing process.
• Seeks to be culturally competent.
• Understands each survivor in the context of life
experiences and cultural background.
Key: Not “what is wrong with you?” But, “What happened
to you?”
Victim Outreach
Complex Issue
Societal Problem crossing multiple systems:

Healthcare Providers

Law Enforcement

Legal System

Child Protective Services

Juvenile Detention Centers

Jails / prisons

Safe Houses

Faith-based outreach / rescue
Trafficked Persons and Their Needs
There are four general areas of victim needs:
1. Immediate Assistance: Housing, food, medical, safety,
security, interpretation and legal services
2. Mental Health Assistance: Support, Counseling
3. Income Assistance/Employment: Cash, Living
Expenses, Training
4. Legal Status and/or Other Legal Assistance: T-Visa,
Legal Services
Immediate Danger - Actions
• Make sure you are not putting yourself or the individual in danger take care to notice who is around when you are asking questions or
providing resources. If you think someone is listening, STOP!
• If you suspect that the victim is in immediate danger, call 911.
• Call the police and ask to be transferred to the human trafficking
detective on duty.
• Indianapolis Trafficked Persons Assistance Program 24-hour hotline:
1-800-928-6403
(operated by the Julian Center).
• National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline:
1-888-3737-888 or Text Be Free: 233733
(operated by Polaris Project).
• Child Abuse Hotline:
1-800-800-5556
(operated by Indiana Department of Child Services)
Intermediate Actions
• Present outreach / shoe cards and/or hotline
numbers to the victim. Give this information
directly to the victim and only when he/she is
alone.
• Complete Human Trafficking Report for IPATH
(located at end of Screening Tool) and forward
to Indiana Attorney General’s Office.
• Call the National Human Trafficking Resource
Center (NHTRC) to report the incident:
1-888-3737-888
Ongoing Challenges
• Hidden nature of trafficking
• Isolated nature of confinement
• Victim’s unwillingness, fear, inability to come forward
• Use of the internet to “recruit”
• Lack of awareness
• Difficulty to prove “force, fraud or coercion”
• Stereotypes and misconceptions
• Trauma bonding means victim may try to protect
trafficker
• Lack of appropriate services available to serve victims
My next steps:
 What will I do differently now?
 Who will I tell about this issue?
 When will I implement new protocols in my
clinical practice?
 Fill out reminder sheet
 Fill out evaluation
Additional Resources:
Neighborhood Christian Legal Clinic
3333 North Meridian St., Suite 201
Indianapolis, IN 46208
(317) 429-4131
nclegalclinic.org
Polaris Project
www.PolarisProject.org
The US Department of Health and
Human Services: Rescue and
Restore Campaign
http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/
programs/anti-trafficking
The Julian Center
2011 North Meridian St
Indianapolis, IN 46202
(317) 941-2200
www.juliancenter.org
Exodus Refugee Immigration Inc.
1125 Brookside Ave, Suite C9
Indianapolis, IN 46202
(317) 921-0836
www.exodusrefugee.org
Darci Jenkins | Midwest Regional
Coordinator
Northern Tier Anti-Trafficking
Consortium (NTAC) | Heartland Alliance
33 W Grand Ave, Suite 500 | Chicago, IL
60654
(312) 662-6185 x 2425
[email protected]
Additional Resources:
Centers of Hope (Located in Emergency Departments):
Community
1500 N. Ritter Ave., Indpls., IN 46219
317.355.4660 / 317.355.5729
Methodist
1701 N. Senate Blvd., Indpls., IN 46202
317.962.3394
St. Francis
8111 S. Emerson, Indpls., IN 46237
317.528.5442
St. Vincent
2001 W. 86th St., Indpls., IN 46260
317.338.6629
Eskenazi Health Services
1001 W. 10th St., Indpls., IN 46202
317.630.6180
Pediatric Center of Hope (Wishard & Riley)
705 Riley Hospital Drive., Indpls., IN 46202
Wishard Primary Care Center – Pediatrics
317.944.5000
THANK YOU!
Thank you to IPATH, US Department of Justice, Polaris Project, Shared
Hope International, Lexis Nexis, Neighborhood Christian Legal Clinic,
Exodus Refugee Immigration Inc., Freedom Network USA, the National
Immigrant Justice Center, and the Human Rights Center for providing
information for this presentation.
And Thank You for participating in this
training today! You can make a
difference and save a life!
References
1.Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-386 (2000), available at
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/laws/61124.htm
2. Human and Sexual Trafficking, Ind. Code § 35-42-3.5, available at
http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title35/ar42/ch3.5.html
3.U.S. Dept. of State Trafficking in Persons Report (2010), available at
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/index.htm.
4.Some research indicates that the average age of entry for U.S. girls is 12 to 14, while the average age for
U.S. boys and transgender youth is 11 to 13. See Amanda Walker-Rodriguez and Rodney Hill, Human
Sex Trafficking, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, (March, 2011), available: http://www.fbi.gov/statsservices/publications/law-enforcement-bulletin/march_2011/human_sex_trafficking.
See also Polaris Project, Child Sex Trafficking At-A-Glance, (2011), available at
http://loveandlighttofreedom.org/uploads/Child_Sex_Trafficking__Polaris_Project-_Jan_2012_.pdf.
See also Ernie Allen, President and CEO of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children,
speaking to the House Victims’ Rights Caucus Human Trafficking Caucus, Cong. Rec., 111th Cong.,
2nd sess., 2010.
See also U.S. Children are Victims of Sex Trafficking (April 2008), humantrafficking.org,
http://www.humantrafficking.org/updates/801.
5.U.S. Department of State, The Facts About Child Sex Tourism (2005) at p.22 (2005), available at
http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/47255.pdf
References
6. Leslie Bennetts, The John Next Door, July 18, 2011, The Daily Beast/Newsweek, available at
http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/07/17/the-growing-demand-for-prostitution.html.
7. U.S. Dept. of State Trafficking in Persons Report (2010), available at
http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2010/index.htm; see also Congressional Research Service, Trafficking in
Persons: U.S. Policy and Issues for Congress (2010) at p.2, available at
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c22535,4565c25f42b,4d2d96e62,0,USCRS,,.html.
8. Testimony of Ernie Allen (July, 2010), National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, available at
www.missingkids.com/missingkids/servlet/NewsEventServlet?LanguageCountry=en_US&PageId=4312.
9. Human Trafficking/Trafficking In Persons, Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics,
http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=40 (last visited 1/14/2012).
10. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6497799.stm
11. Demand Abolition: www.demandabolition.org/why-demand/
12. Melissa Farley, Emily Schuckman, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter Qualliotine,
Michele Decker, Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the
servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation” (2011) at p. 16 Prostitution Research & Educ.,
available at http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.
References
13. Indiana Attorney General’s website: www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/humantrafficking/
14. Family Violence Prevention Fund, World Childhood Foundation. Turning Pain into Power: Trafficking Survivors’
Perspectives on Early Intervention Strategies. Available at: www.endabuse.org.
15. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, 2006.
16. Rescue and Restore Campaign, The National Symposium on the Health Needs of Human Trafficking Victims,
Shared Hope International
17. Zimmerman C, Yun K, Shvab I, Watts C, Trappolin L, Treppete M, et al. The health risks and consequences of
trafficking in women and adolescents. Findings from a European study. London: London School of Hygiene and
Tropical Medicine, 2003.
18. American College of Emergency Physicians, 1999; Isaac & Enos, 2001.
19. Annals of Health Law, The Health Policy and Law Review of Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Beazley
Institute for Health Law and Policy, Volume 23, Issue I, Winter Edition 2014, The Health Consequences of Sex
Trafficking and Their Implications for Identifying Victims in Healthcare Facilities by Laura J. Lederer and
Christopher A. Wetzel
References
20. Megan Mahoney, MSW, Director, Northern Tier Anti-Trafficking Consortium, Heartland Alliance, Presentation
before the Madison County Child Sexual Abuse Task Force
Nicole and Dede’s story - Women Open human trafficking symposium at University of Michigan by detailing
personal stories; http://www.annarbor.com/news/women-open-human-trafficking-symposium-by-detailingpersonal-stories/ viewed 4/05/2013 (written 2/4/2011)
END
Presenters Toolkit:
•
Slide deck
•
Shoe cards
•
Human Trafficking Identification: Screening Tool and Report
•
Copies of slide deck or at least reference pages to hand out
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Reminder cards and envelopes
•
Evaluations
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Email details of training to [email protected]. Place, Date/Time,
Number of people attending/trained – have participants sign attendance sheet
and forward to AG’s office.
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Feel free to bring other materials / books to share with your audience