Transcript Aircraft/Satellite comparisons from the HIPPO and GloPac campaigns Karen Rosenlof1 and Eric Ray2 1NOAA ESRL CSD 2CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, CO.

Aircraft/Satellite comparisons from
the HIPPO and GloPac campaigns
Karen Rosenlof1 and Eric Ray2
1NOAA ESRL CSD
2CIRES, University of Colorado
Boulder, CO
HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO)
What is HIPPO?
• High resolutions measurements over the
entire latitude range of the Pacific
• Uses the NCAR Gulfstream-V
• Multi-deployment experiment
• Emphasis on carbon cycle and greenhouse
gases
• 3 deployments are complete, data is finalized
from HIPPO1 and nearly so for
HIPPO2
• There will be 2 additional deployments in
2011
• This is the first comprehensive aircraft
based global survey of trace gases
pertinent to the carbon cycle covering
the full depth of the troposphere in all
seasons and multiple years
The HIPPO data set is intended to provide critical tests of global models of
atmospheric gases and aerosols, helping to distinguish errors associated with
sources and sinks from those due to simulated transport, model structure, etc.
The NCAR Gulfstream V has a
ceiling of ~ 51kFt,
a range of 7000 miles.
payload capacity of 5600 lbs
At PANC during HIPPO I, Jan 2009
HIPPO Instrumentation
Multiple measurements: Red symbols ≥ 3, Blue = 2;
sampling rates in ().
HIPPO Scientific Team:
Steve Wofsy: Principal Investigator, Harvard University
Britt Stephens: Co-PI, Airborne Oxygen instrument and MEDUSA air sampler, NCAR
Ralph Keeling: Co-PI, MEDUSA air sampler, Scripps
Bruce Daube: Mission Scientist / Instrumentation Engineer, Harvard University
Jasna Pittman, Roisin Commane, Bin Xiang, Eric Kort: QCLS and CO2 instruments,
Harvard University
Elliot Atlas: Whole Air Sampler, University of Miami
James Elkins, Steve Montzka (NOAA) Fred Moore, David Nance, Eric Hintsa (CU
CIRES):
PANTHER, NOAAWAS and UCATS instruments
Jonathan Bent, Steve Shertz: MEDUSA and AO2 Instruments, Scripps
David Fahey, Ru-Shan Gao: Ozone / SP2 instruments, NOAA
Christopher Picket-Heaps: chemical modeling, Harvard University
Eric Ray (CIRES), Karen Rosenlof (NOAA): flight forecasting
Shuka Schwarz, Ryan Spackman, Laurel Watts, Steve Ciciora, Anne Perring: NOAA Ozone and
SP2 instruments, CU CIRES
Mark Zondlo: VCSEL instrument, Princeton University
Teresa Campos: CO instrument, NCAR
Julie Haggerty: MTP, NCAR
M.J. Mahoney: MTP, JPL
NCAR RAF: Aircraft support, project management,
data catalog management
HIPPO Statistics
2009
H1
2010 2008
H3 P-H
2011
H4
2011
H5
2009
H2
Day of Year
To Date: 156 days of field program, 524 profiles
HIPPO Sponsors
National Science Foundation
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
G-V "HIAPER": National Center for Atmospheric Research
HIPPO itinerary
START08/preHIPPO Apr-Jun 2008
HIPPO_1 Jan 2009
HIPPO_2 Nov 2009
HIPPO_3 Apr 2010
Example of vertical coverage: shows there is
some coverage in the lower stratosphere
(noted in blue below), so potentially useful
for some MLS comparisons.
Although the main intent for use of this set of data is in regards to
understanding processes and model comparisons/validations, it is also useful
for satellite measurement comparisons.
HIPPO flights were not planned with satellite validation in mind. We had
specific destinations predetermined, and what small deviations from great
circle routes that were possible were geared to sampling specific features
ascertained from chemical forecast models and current satellite
observations.
However, in the case of AIRS
coverage is sufficiently dense
that coincidences on the day of
a flight were fairly common.
We did have one flight day that was
designed to be along an Aura track
and was also coincident with the
ground track of the NASA
Global-Hawk. For this case, MLS
comparisons are also possible.
HIPPO-1 Atmospheric Structure (Pot'l T K):
January, 2009, Mid-Pacific (Dateline) Cross section
HIPPO sections, January 2009
-60 -40 -20 0
15 km
5
0
0
20 40 60 80
0 20 40
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
LATITUDE
60 80
15 km
O3
10
10
15 km
10
5
0
-60 -40 -20
-60 -40 -20
SF6
15 km
N2 O
20 40 60 80
5
20 40 60 80
0
0
0
0
5
5
10
10
15 km
10
5
0
-60 -40 -20
CO
CH4
15 km
CO2
-60 -40 -20
0 20 40
60 80
Species we have done HIPPO/AIRS comparisons with are:
O3 H2O CO CH4 CO2 Temperature
HIPPO measurements may also be useful
for satellite aerosol comparisons
(Ryan Spackman had a poster discussing
possible use of HIPPO black carbon
measurements for satellite validation.)
A unique feature about HIPPO that satellite groups may find useful:
There are many profiles in the Southern Hemisphere, covering a region
that has not been heavily sampled by recent aircraft experiments. There are
~140 profiles from the surface to 8 km, and ~20 from the surface to max
altitude on each deployment. (3 deployments to date, 5 in total by the end of
FY11.
Although we looked exclusively at AIRS comparisons, these measurements
could also be useful for TES and IASI comparisons, or any instrument
measuring tropospheric ozone profiles. Could also be used for comparisons
with high latitude lower stratospheric measurements.
Temperature
Ozone
Water Vapor
CH4
CO
Global Hawk coordinated
flights and satellite validation
Anchorage
GloPac GH track
HIPPO NSF/NCAR GV
J. Schwarz
Aura satellite track follows the
western side of the GloPac
flight.
Ozone field from Aura
Microwave Limb Sounder
(MLS).
70 mb
Hawaii
13 April 2010
Comparison of Global Hawk and NSF/NCAR GV
correlations of CH4 with N2O
Coordinated flights allow
unique sampling of tracer
space in UT/LS
Overflight segment
All data
Increasing altitude
and age-of-air
Preliminary data: QCLS, Wofsy et al.; UCATS, Hintsa et al.
Tropopause range
Overflight segment data only
MLS water
What could be possible with these two platforms?
Coordinated flights allow
unique sampling of tracer
space in UT/LS
Tropopause range
If appropriately coordinated, between the two platforms can get vertical profiles
through the UTLS at all latitudes, then would be able to apply satellite weighting
functions.
With the G-Hawk based in California with a 30 hour duration, and the G-V flying
between multiple bases, it would be possible to cover a large portion of the NH
Pacific.
Final Notes:
HIPPO provides fine resolution data covering the latitudinal extent of the Pacific
for a number of species. There are approximately 140 profiles per deployment, with 3
deployments completed, and 2 more planned.
HIPPO 1 data is finalized, should be publically available soon.
An initial publication (Wofsy et al.) will appear in the near future (Royal Society
proceedings)
Official data archive will be at the CDIAC (ornl.gov); data is currently at an NCAR
mission data catalog site.
extras
AIRS-HIPPO Comparison Method
Small circles
represent fine layers
in example trapezoid
HIPPO
data
within 50
km of
example
AIRS
profile
- Identify nearest AIRS profiles to HIPPO flight tracks (≈2500 for 3 missions).
- For each AIRS profile find HIPPO measurements within 50 km and 6 hours.
- For AIRS layer quantities we divide the layer into 10-20 finer layers and the layer difference is:
z2


   AIRS z  HIPPO zWAIRS z /z2  z1
where z is the fine layer where
z z1 HIPPO data is available and W is the layer weighting function.
For CO2, we simply took a 2-8 km profile average, and found the AIRS profile closest in space on a
given flight day.

Southern Hemisphere CO during HIPPO3 (April 3-10, 2010)