Transcript Reversal Homoplasy - Home Page for Ross Koning

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Figure 28.4
(c) Data set (presence and absence of SINEs):
Locus
1  SINE present
0  SINE absent
?  still undetermined
Cow
Deer
Whale
Hippo
Whales and hippos share four
unique SINEs (4, 5, 6, and 7)
Pig
Peccary
Camel
(a) Traditional Hypothesis:
Whales diverged before the origin of artiodactyls.
(b) Alternative Hypothesis:
Whales and hippos share a common ancestor.
Perissodactyls
(horses and rhinos)
Perissodactyls
(horses and rhinos)
ARTIODACTYLS
Whale
Camel
ARTIODACTYLS
Camel
Peccary
Gain of pulleyshaped astragalus
Peccary
Pig
Pig
Hippo
Gain of pulley-shaped
astragalus
Hippo
Whale
Loss of pulleyshaped astragalus
Astragalus
(ankle bone)
Deer
Deer
Cow
Cow
This is the tree-of-life cladogram used by your textbook
4th Ed. Fig. 29.8 Pg 601
It varies in some minor ways, mostly additions.
It shows “uncertainty” as a multifurcation (polytomy).
As shown, the protists together
are a(n)...
A. Clade
(are monophyletic).
B. Grade
(are paraphyletic).
C. Unnatural Taxon
(are polyphyletic).
Is it easier to evolve a new characteristic
or to lose an evolved characteristic?.
A. Easier to gain a
feature.
B. Easier to lose a
feature.