Slide 1

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 2

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 3

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 4

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 5

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 6

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 7

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 8

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 9

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 10

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 11

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 12

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 13

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 14

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 15

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 16

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 17

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 18

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 19

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 20

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 21

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 22

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 23

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 24

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 25

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 26

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 27

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 28

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 29

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 30

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 31

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 32

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 33

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 34

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 35

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m


Slide 36

verb
Tenses

Today, we're going to
talk about the tenses.
Now, if I say
"I am beautiful,“
which tense is it?

Obviously it is
the past tense.

Conson + y = – ies (study- studies)
Present simple
O = es
(go – goes)
S, x, ch, sh = es (watch- watches/ mix-mixes)
he/ she / it : -s -es (plays, goes) We study English
My sister watches TV
Don`t
We don´t study
+ verb
Doesn´t
She doesn´t study

+
?

A+S+V?

Do you study ?
Does she study?

Am
V-ing
Is
Are
V monosilábicos q terminan en 1 vocal + 1 cons., doblan cons.
Run—running swim—swimming
V de dos sílabas y acento en la 2ª, doblan consonante
Begin—beginning
Verbos que acaban en l , doblan l
Travel—travelling
Verbos que acaban en -ie , cambia a y + ing
Die—dying
Study- studying
A+S+V?
Play-playing

+

present continuous

+
-

?

I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
I am not studying
You aren´t studying
He isn´t studying
Am I studying?
Are you studying?
Is he studying?

Present simple
The simple present is used for two main types of action:

Habits

actions which happen regularly
o on Sundays
o Frequency Adverbs : -always, usually, often –
o every day, every week, Once a month, etc.

States Things which do not often change ( opinions, conditions, etc)
present continuous
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 A temporary action happening now :
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)
Algo que está ocurriendo ahora pero parará en el futuro)

 A definite plan for the future :
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future.
Algo que tenemos la intención de hacer en un futuro cercano

Habit
Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas
with his parents every year.

States
Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states.
They don't often change.

Non-continuous verbs / Stative verbs
There are some verbs that you don't usually use in the continuous form, just as in
Spanish.
Generally speaking they're verbs that describe states and not actions, such as these:
verbs describing thought processes and opinions:
think, believe, remember, know, forget, agree, disagree…
verbs describing emotions:
want, like, love, hate, adore, detest…
verbs describing the senses:
see, hear, taste, feel, smell…
This doesn't mean that it's impossible to use these verbs in the continuous.
It just means that it's unusual and would probably be very specific in a particular
situation.

Frequency adverbs and time expressions
At the end of the sentence

How often..?
Always
Usually

Often

I do yoga twice a week

Every day

Once a day / week / month..

Sometimes

Twice a day / week / month..

Hardly ever

Three times a day / week / month..

Never

Before the verb
After to be

Twelve times a day / week / month..
She often plays golf
They are always

hungry

Temporary action happening now
 John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't
finished yet.

 It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

 Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

 Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with
his family right now, this year.
(Maybe next year he won't.)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What are you cooking? It smells / is smelling wonderful.
2.What time do you usually go / are you usually going to bed?
3.Be quiet! The baby sleeps / is sleeping.
4.How often do you visit / are you visiting your grandmother?
5.In most US schools, the students don’t wear / aren’t wearing uniforms.
6.Turn off the television. The children don’t watch / aren’t watching it.
7.You don’t need an umbrella this morning. It doesn’t rain / isn’t raining.

8.He is a vegetarian. He doesn’t eat / isn’t eating meat.
9.Right now, the president meets / is meeting some important people.
10.Tom has got a car now so he doesn’t walk / isn’t walking to school any
more.

Past
Simple

♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,

Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played

+

Suj + 2nd col

-

Suj + didn´t + verb

?

double conson

V+ -ed

I played
I sang

Use

 Past and finished actions.

I didn´t play I didn´t sing

We visited the museum last week

Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?

Did you play? Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday

last week/year

2 days ago

In 2002

in the 80s

when

then

 A series of completed actions in
the past

When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.

The old lady lived in this house
in 1887

Past
Continuous

+
?

Was +
Were

Was +
Suj +
Were

V-ing

I was playing
V-ing
You were singing
I wasn´t playing
Wasn´t
+ V-ing
Suj +
You weren´t singing
Weren´t
Was + Suj + V-ing Was I playing?
Were
Were you singing?
A+S+V ?

Time expressions:
While , as , last night / week ,
at 3 o´clock

I , He , She , It

Was/ wasn´t
You, we, they

Were/weren´t

Usos :
1. Para decir lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento concreto del
pasado (no algo puntual, sino algo en proceso). La acción comenzó
antes de dicho momento y seguramente continuó después.
Fíjate que suelen expresar acciones largas.
I was studying all day yesterday

Parece q la acción d estudiar
fue algo muy largo

I studied all day yesterday
Solamente informas, no quieres
dar la idea de cuánto tiempo
pasaste estudiando

2. Para 2 acciones que estuvieron ocurriendo al mismo tiempo.
While you were reading the newspaper, I was doing my homework
3. Para la mas larga de las acciones, que suele ser interrumpida x una
mas breve.
I was walking by the street when it began to rain.

Past simple vs past continuous
 Recuerda q las acciones largas suelen ir en PC y las cortas en PS

She was talking on the phone when he arrived
 Cuando se cuenta una historia, la narración en sí, es decir, la
progresión histórica, puede ir en PS, mientras q las descripciones y el
ambiente suelen ir en PC.

It was a beautiful day. The sun was shining and flags were flying
high everywhere. He felt confident and he knew what he had to do.
He spoke to the people in the square. They were looking at him
anxiously.

Complete with a suitable verb
went
Last weekend Carmela ……….

to the cinema

didn´t like
to see "The Others". Carmela ………………
. it
was
because it…………….
about ghosts and she is afraid
was going home with her friend
of them. While she ……………
felt
Lola, she ……………

very strange.

heard
They ……………a
noise behind them, but they could not see anyone. It
was raining
weren´t
………………..a
lot and there …………………any
taxis on the street, so
decided
was
they ……………………to
go home walking. The noise ……………..
still

were trying
behind them and while they ………………….

to see what or who

was
went
……………..
it , the lights on the street ………………….
out and they
were crying
……………….for
five minutes. Do you know what happened next?

Listen dear ; here
is an article about
how many words
women use a day:
30,000 to a man's
15,000

What ?

'The reason has to
be because we
have to repeat
everything to
men...

Present perfect

+
-

?

Have
Has

+

V-ed
3ª col

I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written

Have you worked?
Has she written ?

A+S+V ?

Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years

TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :

(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?

•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.

•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.

(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)

•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.

(La conozco desde 1994)

•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair

( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).

•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)

•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)

 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.

I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás.(Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”

I´ve lived here for five years

todavía vivo aquí)

( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-

 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.

We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal

CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.

When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.

Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.

I lived in India in 1992.

Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el

presente.

I´ve lived in India since 1992.

Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday, 2

years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….

Write sentences or questions. Use the past simple or present perfect

1 you / go / on holiday last year?
Did ______________________________
you go on holiday last year?
2 you / ever / go / to England?
Have
you ever been to England?
______________________________
3 I / never / try / windsurfing
I’ve______________________________
never tried windsurfing
4 Maria / study / photography last year
______________________________
Maria
studied photography last year.
5 your teacher / ever / live in England?
Has
your teacher ever lived in England?
______________________________

Choose the correct answer.
1. The boy won / has won the judo competition yesterday.
2. When did you return / have you returned from your holiday?
3. She knew / has known Melissa since they were babies.
4. Mr Smith didn’t sleep / hasn’t slept last night because of the noise.
5. He called me last month but I didn’t hear / haven’t heard from him since 2002.
6. Did you see / Have you seen Penélope Cruz’s latest film yet?
7. They went / have gone skiing two years ago.
8. I never ate / have never eaten here before.
Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Present
Perfect Simple.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. I

haven’t found (not find) it yet.
I am still looking for my ticket. I ………………………
The basketball game ………………………
finished (finish) an hour ago.
………………
you ever ………………
Have
seen (see) so many fans at a game?
My little brother ………………………
didn’t drink (not drink) anything at all yesterday.
………………………
have
never eaten (never eat) snails before.

6.

Did
do (do) your homework last week?
………………
you ………………

Even a
woodpecker
owes his
success to
the fact that
he uses his
head

Present perfect
of “to be”

Have been
Has been

+

V-ing

( llevar + gerundio)
I have been working

+

Time expressions

-

She has been studying

For a year , since 2002 ,

I haven´t been working

how long..?

She hasn´t been studying

All day / night / week …

Have you been working ?

?

Has she been studying ?

 An action that started in the past and
which still continues in the present.

(Como todos los contínuos resalta el tiempo que está durando la acción)

She has been working here for 2 years

 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night

Had +

V-ed
3ª col

Time expressions
+
-

I had worked
I hadn´t worked

?

Already , by the time, after ,
Before, Until , never , just

Had you worked ?

A completed action which took place before another action in the past

By the time we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started

Past
Perfect

Past

Present

Future

Past perfect
of “to be”

had been

+

V-ing

(llevaba + gerundio)

Time expressions
+

I had been

-

I hadn´t been

?

For hours , since last year
All morning , when , until , before

Had you been ?

Para hablar de una acción prolongada que ocurrió en el pasado antes que
otra acción breve también pasada. Suelen ir unidas por una expresión
de tiempo de las del cuadro, o “although” , “because”.

We had been driving for 5 hours when we ran out of petrol.

Complete the passage with the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past
Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
Some people won’t drive without their GPS navigational systems, but some people
find this device is ruining their lives. Last month a lorry driver from Slovakia
got
was driving
(1) ……………
(get) his truck stuck* while he (2) ………………………
(drive) on a
had arrived
small country road in Britain. The driver, who (3) ………………………
(arrive) in
didn’t speak
Britain only a few hours before, (4) ………………………
(not speak) English and
became
(5) ………………………
(become) very upset. This was not surprising because he
had knocked
(6) ………………………
(knock) down an electricity pole* just minutes before.
broke
Similarly, a large lorry (7) ………………………
(break) Dorothea North’s front gate
while it (8) ………………………
(travel) through her small British village, Wedmore.
was travelling

happened
Both these accidents (9) ………………………
(happen) because the lorry drivers
weren’t watching (not watch) where they were going. They
(10) ………………………
were using
(11) ………………………
(use) their GPS navigational systems instead.
*Get stuck – quedarse clavado / paralizado
*Electricity pole – poste d electricidad

 TO BE GOING TO + INFINITIVO

( Futuro de intención)

• Para hablar de nuestras intenciones, planes cercanos, o preguntar
a otros lo que han pensado hacer en un futuro próximo.
Next week I´m going to celebrate my birthday.
•Para hacer predicciones basadas en una evidencia en el momento en
que hablamos.

Listen to the wind. It´s going to be a storm.

 FUTURE SIMPLE

will + inf

• Para expresar decisiones espontáneas en el momento en que

hablamos
(ofrecimientos, peticiones, promesas, advertencias,
amenazas..)
I think you´ll learn this very quickly

The window is open. Don´t worry I´ll close it

•Para hacer predicciones basadas en nuestra opinión.
He won´t come.

Future de “to be” + V-ing

+
?

I will be studying
I won´t be studying

Will you be studying ?

At this time next year, I will be studying
Law in Madrid

FUTURE perfect
+
?

V-ed

Future de “have” + 3ª col

I will have studied
I won´t have studied
Will you have studied?

An action in progress at a certain time in
the future

Time expressions

Use

By this time next week,

by 10 o´clock…, In three months
A completed action at a certain time in the future.

By the end of June, we will have finished our exams

Choose the correct answer.
1. I … to Paris many times, but this trip is the most exciting.
a. have been
c. will have been
b. had been
d. was
2. Tim couldn’t do the homework because he … his books the day before.
a. have lost
c. didn’t lose
b. had lost
d. will have lost
3. They had read the book before they … the film.
a. saw
c. will have seen
b. had seen
d. has seen
4. By the time you read this letter, I … the country.
a. had left
c. will have left
b. have left
d. left
5. He … cooking before he got the job.
a. hasn’t studied
b. won’t have studied

c. hadn’t studied
d. didn’t study

Complete texts A and B with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous.
A
goes
Jill usually (1) __________
(go) out with her friends on Saturdays, but today she (2)
doesn’t
have (not have) time. Last week she (3) __________
had
__________
(have) a test at school,
but she (4) __________
didn’t pass

’s studying
(not pass) it. So today she (5) __________

(study) for her

exams.

B
is talking (talk) to a police officer, because he (7)
At the moment, Billy (6) __________
saw
was driving
__________
(see) a traffic accident this morning. A man (8) __________

(drive) too

fast when a dog
(9) __________
(run) into the road. Luckily, the dog (10) __________
ran
didn’t die (not die).

Choose the correct answer
1. So you’re finally here! I waited / have been waiting / had waited
for you since ten o’clock.
2. Why won’t you have come / didn’t you come / haven’t you come
to Sam’s party last night?
3. I’m not hungry. I will have had / have had / have been having
dinner.

4. Dan left the football team because he has been suffering /
had been suffering / has suffered from poor health.
He’s feeling better now and may return.
5. By this time next year, they will have travelled / have travelled
/ have been travelling to India.

Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. Why did you go to the doctor?

Because my leg has been hurting all week . (my leg / hurt / all week)
2. Do you like Martin?
I don’t know. I

have just met him.

. (just meet / him)

3. Did you go out with Janis yesterday?

No, I

I haven’t seen her for a week

. (not see / her / for a week)

4. Why is his electricity bill so high?
Because he has been using the air conditioner 24 hours a day.
(use / the air conditioner / 24 hours a day)

What is white when
it's dirty and black
when it's clean ?

A blackboard.

What letter of the alphabet is an insect?
B (bee)
What letter of the alphabet is a part of the head?

I (eye)
What letter is a drink?
T (tea)

What letter of the alphabet is a body of water?
C (sea)

What letter is an exclamation ?
O (oh!)
What comes once in a minute, twice in a moment but not
once in a thousand years ?
the letter

m