Slide 1

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 2

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 3

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 4

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 5

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 6

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 7

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 8

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 9

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 10

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 11

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 12

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 13

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 14

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 15

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 16

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 17

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 18

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 19

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 20

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 21

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 22

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 23

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 24

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 25

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 26

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 27

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.


Slide 28

Nutritional &
Deficiency Diseases

Nutrient
Protein

Deficiency Disease
Kwashiorkor



This child exhibits thin
limbs and a swollen
belly, classic
symptoms of
kwashiorkor, severe
protein deficiency.



This child, although
looking like an infant is
probably 3-4 years
old.

Nutrient
Vitamin A
Vitamin B

Deficiency Disease
Night Blindness
BeriBeri

Pellagra
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Scurvy

Rickets

B Vitamin Deficiencies
BeriBeri

Pellagra

Vitamin Deficiencies
Rickets

Mineral
Calcium
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron

Deficiency Disease
Osteoporosis

Dental Cavies
Goitre

Anaemia

Osteoporosis – what is it?


People tend to get
shorter and more
stooped looking as
they get older.
Softening &
squashing of the
bones caused by
osteoporosis is one
part of this.

DEFICIENCY DISEASE


Goitre
 swelling

gland

of thyroid

Nutritional Diseases
Low Fibre

Bowel Cancer

There is NO
dietary fibre in
animal foods.

Nutritional Diseases
Obesity
High Fat

Heart Disease

High Blood Pressure
(hypertension)

Diabetes
some Breast

(type 2)

Cancers

Malnutrition


Malnutrition is not limited to the poor nor is
good nutrition a monopoly of the rich.



Well-being is determined by what people
eat, the way they live or are cared for and
how they react to their environment.



Preventing malnutrition must start with
satisfying the basic and changing
physiological needs of human beings from
before conception to old age.



A healthy diet includes minerals,
carbohydrates, fats and fatty acids,
proteins and vitamins.



When the intake and balance of these
essential nutrients are insufficient, growth
and development falter and the risk of
infection and nutritional disorders
increases.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
A lack of energy – derived mainly from
carbohydrates – results in undernutrition.
 A lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals
leads to malnutrition.
 All too often people lack both proteins and
carbohydrates.


Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


The result is PEM,
which has it greatest
impact on the young
and if the mother is
malnourished, on the
developing foetus.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)


PEM is characterised
by low birth weight
(2.5kg or less), poor
growth (too short, too
thin) and high levels
of mortality in young
children, especially
between 12 and 24
months.

Underweight Children

Nearly 13 million children under five years
old die every year from infections and as a
direct or indirect result of hunger and
malnutrition.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


A lack of essential vitamins and minerals
such as calcium, iodine, iron and zinc
leads to micronutrient-deficiency diseases
or disorders.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases


Blindness and death
can be caused by a
lack of vitamin A;
goitre and cretinism
by a shortages of
iodine; and anaemia
by insufficient iron
intake.

Micronutrient-Deficiency Diseases




More subtle impacts
of deficiencies include
reduced effectiveness
of the body’s immune
system.
A lack of fluoride is
associated with
increased levels of
dental caries.

Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
Diets high in energy and animal fat but low
in fibre, combined with unhealthy habits
and lifestyles, can contribute to a wide
range of chronic diseases such as
coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus
and diet-related cancers.
 They are found in all countries.


Chronic Diet-Related Diseases
In the Third World, they are prevalent
among the urban populations who often
have an imbalanced diet and too little
exercise.
 Chronic diseases may also result from
exposure to food-borne pathogens or
food-borne toxic chemicals.


Global nutrition problems: an
overview


Answer the following five questions

Global nutrition problems: an
overview
1.

What are the factors which determine wellbeing?

2.

a) What nutrients does a healthy diet include?
b) What is the results of an insufficient intake of the
essential nutrients?

3.
4.
5.

Explain the difference between under-nutrition
and malnutrition?
What is meant by micronutrient deficiency?
Explain the term diet-related diseases.