Transcript Chapter 18: Goods and Services
Slide 1
HOLT
American Civics
Chapter 18
Goods and Services
Section 1: American Production
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Section 3: You the Consumer
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 2
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
OBJECTIVES
What are the main features of modern mass
production?
How have the sources of power used by
American factories changed since the early
years of the country?
What makes the profit motive an effective
driver of the U.S. economic system?
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 3
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
Main features of modern mass production:
Machine tools—produce parts that are exactly
the same
Interchangeable parts—easily fit with other parts
and are easily replaced
Division of labor—specialization in each area of
production speeds the process
Assembly line—machines and workers move
product through production stages
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 4
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
Changing power sources:
Early factories used water power.
Late 1700s—Steam power replaced water
power.
Late 1800s—internal combustion engines;
electricity
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 5
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
The profit motive drives the economy:
Encourages people to take risks
Encourages innovations in production and
marketing
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 6
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
OBJECTIVES
How has transportation in the United States
evolved, and why is it so important to the
success of the U.S. economy?
What are the benefits of mass marketing?
How do manufacturers, wholesalers, and
retailers work together to get products to the
public?
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 7
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Transportation and the U.S. economy:
Transportation systems move products around the
country. This is called distribution.
Railroads—created a single large market in the United
States; chief source of transportation through the mid1900s
Air transportation—carries mail and transports freight
with great speed
Highway system—automobiles are the leading means
of transportation today
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 8
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Benefits of mass marketing:
Sells goods in large quantities
Self-service—saves time and labor; many customers
can shop at the same time
Standard packaging—fewer items must be weighed
or measured
One-price system—prices are stamped onto the
products; eliminates most bargaining
Bar codes—enable stores to keep up with inventories
and collect information
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 9
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Manufacturers, wholesalers, and
retailers work together:
Manufacturers sell to wholesalers in large
quantities.
Wholesalers store goods and sell them to
retailers.
Retailers sell goods to the public.
Wholesalers link the factory to the retailer.
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 10
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
OBJECTIVES
What does it take to be a wise consumer?
What do independent organizations and the
government do to protect consumers?
What should a consumer consider in deciding
between an installment plan and a charge
account?
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 11
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
Wise consumers
study advertisements for special sales and use
‹#›
coupons.
judge product quality and buy only what serves
their needs.
study product labels.
compare various products, brands, stores, and
prices.
read warranties and instructions.
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 12
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
Independent organizations and the
government protect consumers.
Government labeling requirements provide contents, health,
‹#›
and safety information.
The Better Business Bureau assists consumers with unfair
business practices.
Government agencies protect consumers from false
advertising, health and safety risks, and mail fraud.
States and cities provide consumer protection offices.
Consumers Union publishes reports on most products sold.
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 13
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
Installment plans and charge accounts:
Charge accounts—convenient; can help establish
good credit; interest rates make debt harder to
pay off
Installment plans—allow purchases without
paying the full amount up front; buyer uses
product while paying for it; product can be
repossessed if payments are missed; service
charges and interest rates increase the total cost
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
American Civics
Chapter 18
Goods and Services
Section 1: American Production
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Section 3: You the Consumer
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 2
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
OBJECTIVES
What are the main features of modern mass
production?
How have the sources of power used by
American factories changed since the early
years of the country?
What makes the profit motive an effective
driver of the U.S. economic system?
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 3
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
Main features of modern mass production:
Machine tools—produce parts that are exactly
the same
Interchangeable parts—easily fit with other parts
and are easily replaced
Division of labor—specialization in each area of
production speeds the process
Assembly line—machines and workers move
product through production stages
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 4
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
Changing power sources:
Early factories used water power.
Late 1700s—Steam power replaced water
power.
Late 1800s—internal combustion engines;
electricity
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 5
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 1: American Production
The profit motive drives the economy:
Encourages people to take risks
Encourages innovations in production and
marketing
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 6
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
OBJECTIVES
How has transportation in the United States
evolved, and why is it so important to the
success of the U.S. economy?
What are the benefits of mass marketing?
How do manufacturers, wholesalers, and
retailers work together to get products to the
public?
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 7
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Transportation and the U.S. economy:
Transportation systems move products around the
country. This is called distribution.
Railroads—created a single large market in the United
States; chief source of transportation through the mid1900s
Air transportation—carries mail and transports freight
with great speed
Highway system—automobiles are the leading means
of transportation today
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 8
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Benefits of mass marketing:
Sells goods in large quantities
Self-service—saves time and labor; many customers
can shop at the same time
Standard packaging—fewer items must be weighed
or measured
One-price system—prices are stamped onto the
products; eliminates most bargaining
Bar codes—enable stores to keep up with inventories
and collect information
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 9
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 2: Distributing Goods
Manufacturers, wholesalers, and
retailers work together:
Manufacturers sell to wholesalers in large
quantities.
Wholesalers store goods and sell them to
retailers.
Retailers sell goods to the public.
Wholesalers link the factory to the retailer.
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 10
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
OBJECTIVES
What does it take to be a wise consumer?
What do independent organizations and the
government do to protect consumers?
What should a consumer consider in deciding
between an installment plan and a charge
account?
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 11
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
Wise consumers
study advertisements for special sales and use
‹#›
coupons.
judge product quality and buy only what serves
their needs.
study product labels.
compare various products, brands, stores, and
prices.
read warranties and instructions.
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 12
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
Independent organizations and the
government protect consumers.
Government labeling requirements provide contents, health,
‹#›
and safety information.
The Better Business Bureau assists consumers with unfair
business practices.
Government agencies protect consumers from false
advertising, health and safety risks, and mail fraud.
States and cities provide consumer protection offices.
Consumers Union publishes reports on most products sold.
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
Slide 13
HOLT
Chapter 18
American Civics
Section 3: You the Consumer
Installment plans and charge accounts:
Charge accounts—convenient; can help establish
good credit; interest rates make debt harder to
pay off
Installment plans—allow purchases without
paying the full amount up front; buyer uses
product while paying for it; product can be
repossessed if payments are missed; service
charges and interest rates increase the total cost
‹#›
HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON