Transcript Chapter 9 Central America and the Caribbean Islands
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CHAPTER 9
HOLT People, Places, and Change
Central America and the Caribbean Islands
Section 1: Physical Geography Section 2: Central America Section 3: The Caribbean Islands
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Section 1
Physical Geography HOLT People, Places, and Change Objectives:
What are the physical features of Central America and the Caribbean Islands?
What climates are found in the region?
What natural resources does the region have?
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Section 1
Physical Geography HOLT People, Places, and Change Central America
Bridge between North and South America No place more than 125 miles from the sea Mountains separate Caribbean and Pacific coastal plains
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Section 1
Physical Geography HOLT People, Places, and Change The Caribbean Islands:
Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, the Bahamas A curved
archipelago
Earthquakes and volcanic activity frequent
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Section 1
Physical Geography HOLT People, Places, and Change Central American Climates
Humid tropical plains, rain forests, highland climates, tropical savanna, cloud forests
Caribbean Climates
Humid tropical, tropical savanna Hurricanes are common.
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Section 1
Physical Geography HOLT People, Places, and Change Natural Resources
Agriculture: coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton Timber Tourism Jamaica is rich in
bauxite
(aluminum ore).
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Section 2
Central America HOLT People, Places, and Change Objectives:
What was Central America’s early history like?
How is the region’s history reflected in its people today?
What are the countries of Central America like today?
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Section 2
Central America HOLT People, Places, and Change 8 Central America’s Early History
Large Maya civilizations European colonies formed in 1500s; Indians forced into labor Enslaved Africans brought over Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua establish independence by 1839; Panama in 1903; Nicaragua in late 1800s; Belize in 1981
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Section 2
Central America HOLT People, Places, and Change The History and the People Today
Mestizos
—the largest ethnic group Spanish, Indian languages, and English all spoken Roman Catholics, Indian religious influences, and Protestants present Elected governments
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Section 2
Central America HOLT People, Places, and Change Central American Countries Today
Guatemala—large Maya population; coffee, cardamom; civil unrest since 1960s Belize—population of 236,000; heavy tourism Honduras—Rugged terrain; fruit exports El Salvador—fertile soil; coffee, sugarcane; poverty
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Section 2
Central America HOLT People, Places, and Change
(continued)
Central American Countries Today
Nicaragua—rebuilding after civil war; fledgling democracy Costa Rica—stable government; coffee, bananas;
ecotourism
Panama—prospers from canal fees; heavy U.S. influence
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Section 3
The Caribbean Islands HOLT People, Places, and Change Objectives:
What was the Caribbean’s history like?
How is the region’s history reflected in its people today?
What are the countries of the Caribbean like today?
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Section 3
The Caribbean Islands HOLT People, Places, and Change Caribbean’s History
1492—Columbus arrives and names the West Indies; Spanish colonies established; disease kills many Indians 1600–1700s: English, French, Dutch, Danish colonies established Enslaved Africans brought over Independence declared from 1804 to last half of 1900s
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Section 3
The Caribbean Islands HOLT People, Places, and Change 14 History and the People
Most islanders are African and European descent or a mixture.
English, French, mixed European, and African languages spoken Colonists’ religions still practiced; often influenced by traditional African religions Diet influenced by Africa, Asia, and elsewhere
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Section 3
The Caribbean Islands HOLT People, Places, and Change History and the People
(continued)
Carnival is the biggest holiday.
Calypso, reggae, and merengue music important American baseball has developed in the Caribbean.
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Section 3
The Caribbean Islands HOLT People, Places, and Change 16 The Caribbean Today
Cuba—most populous; Communist since 1959; no U.S. trade; sugarcane, tourism important industries Haiti—very poor; corrupt governments; coffee, sugarcane important industries Dominican Republic—first European settlement in west; poor; agriculture, tourism important industries
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Section 3
The Caribbean Islands HOLT People, Places, and Change The Caribbean Today
(continued)
Puerto Rico—U.S. commonwealth; developed economy Other islands—Jamaica; St. Kitts; many islands are territories of other countries
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