Transcript Joint Research Centre - Geospatial World Forum
Slide 1
Geospatial World Forum – Agriculture
Rotterdam – 15th May 2013
Geospatial data and geomatic:
The keystones for the sound implementation
of the European Common Agriculture Policy
Philippe LOUDJANI,
MARS (Monitoring Agricultural Resources) Unit
DG Joint Research Centre
Evidence-based scientific and technical support
Cooperation with policy Directorates-General
Sharing its know-how with the Member States
www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Slide 2
CAP expenditure and CAP reform path
CAP = 0,3 € / EU citizen / day
Billion € (2007 constant prices)
Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development. 2012
Rural areas + 90% of EU territory
Total: 58 000 000 000 € / year
From which 50% is farmed
40 Billions Direct aids
8 million aid applications
14 Billions Rural development
7
2
Slide 3
Technical support to CAP implementation
To ensure that CAP funds are spent appropriately, Member State Authorities and the
Commission services have to establish and apply appropriate management and
control mechanisms.
MARS Unit provides technical and scientific support for the implementation of the
Common Agriculture Policy linked to direct payments (1st CAP pillar)
• Management of Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) data
(especially Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS)
Management of direct payments to farmers
• Control methods (On-The-Spot checks (OTS))
Control of direct payments
• Cross Compliance (Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC),
Farm Advisory System (FAS), and ‘Greening’)
Conditions to receive direct payments
Technical solutions mostly based on:
Geospatial data and geomatic
3
Slide 4
Before 2003 CAP reform = coupled payments
All farm parcels
Pastures
Agriculture
Remote
Sensing
COP and SA
Olive trees
Parcels of interest
Cropped area
Type of crop
Control
Aerial images + several High Resolution images
Then first VHR images (after 2000)
4
Slide 5
After 2003 CAP reform = decoupled payments
Farm
All parcels
Pastures
COP and SA
Olive trees
Parcels on slopes
Parcels along river
Landscape features
Area
Environment
Agriculture
GAEC
Crop group
Remote
Sensing
Control
Land maintenance
Landscape elements
Except few cases, VHR images needed (less and less HR images and Radar too coarse)
5
Slide 6
Digital Land Parcel System (LPIS)
Since 2005
Reference parcel (Administration)
In IACS-GIS
Land Parcel Identification System
Stable over
time
Use eligibility
recorded officially
claimed parcel (Farmers)
Acts as reference frame for
Aid application
Location in aid
application
May be
unstable
over time
Unique
identifier
Boundary
stored in
GIS
Prevents
Double
Declaration
Based on
Ortho
imagery
Locates land
Use declared
by farmer
987xyz
123xyz
1.23ha
1.23
ha
Area officially
known
1.02ha
987xyz
1.23ha
Area
claimed by
farmer
Controlled
object
“Contracted”
area in
application
Payment
calculation
6
Slide 7
Digital Land Parcel System today
8 million Farmers in 27 EU Member states
Using 140 Million reference parcels uniquely identified
Reference parcels
superimposed on ortho imagery
7
Slide 8
Control with Remote Sensing
Initiated end of 90’s
Today: used by 25 Member States - 340,000 controls = 75% of total farm controls
per Campaign year:
some 400 control zones
800 High Resolution images
250.000 km2 Very High Resolution data
7 million € satellite images purchased in 2012 on behalf of DG Agri
Check of area, land cover, crop
cover, Good agri environmental
conditions …
8
Slide 9
CwRS Campaigns overview
Description
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010*
2011*
2012*
Planned HR sites
124
149
183
192
227
244
249
278
286
287
Radar backup sites
56
50
61(17 triplets)
54 (26)
17 (-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
Total no. images acquired
680
690
690
693
657
538
655
671
735
640
HR purchased (M euro)
1,6
1,7
2
2,3
2,3
1,6
2,13
2,12
2
1,57
37
71
161
181
228
264
285
368
426
470
X 12,7
12.000
50.000
126.000
127.000
150.000
160.000
174.700
224.000
242.000
242.300
X 20,2
VHR purchased (M euro)
0,3
1,6
3
3
3,3
3,8
3,9
4,55
5,1
4,87
MS participating (HR and/or VHR)
12
22
24
23
24
24
25
27
27
27
Total purchased (M euro)
1,9
3,3
5,0
5,3
5,6
5,4
6,0
6,7
7,1
6,44
HR imagery
X 2,3
VHR imagery
Planned VHR sites
Area (km2) accepted
X 3,4
9
Slide 10
Area measurements GNSS and ortho images
According to Art.34(1) of R.1122/2009, MS shall use measurement tools that are “proven to assure
measurement of quality at least equivalent to that required by applicable technical standard, as drawn up at
Community level”.
Device
Expert
Fuzzy
borders
10
10
Slide 11
GNSS devices validation
Area measurement validation method
Buffer tolerance validation method
GNSS and Ortho imagery
GNSS used in all 27 EU Member States for field measurement
More than 6400 receivers !!!!
78 different GNSS devices/mode/method
11
Slide 12
CAP 2020
Greening of the CAP
(crop diversification,
winter cover, permanent
pasture …)
Farm
All parcels
E
Parcels on slopes
F
Parcels along river
A
Landscape features
Pastures
COP and SA
Olive trees
forest
More complex land useland cover management
Almost all areas to consider but urban
Area
Environment
Agriculture
Crop group
GAEC
Greening
Remote
Sensing
Land
maintenance
Control
EFA quantification
Increased VHR images need (at least 50 cm + maybe 3 D information)
12
Slide 13
Technical management of CAP 2020
Proposed Horizontal Regulation “CAP Towards 2020” foresees
continuation of CwRS as part of On The Spot Checks (also IACS
and LPIS maintenance)
Work on implications of the new CAP regulation on:
- the IACS (management system)
- LPIS (parcel reference system)
- OTS checks (control methods)
Technical solutions more than ever based on
Geospatial data and geomatic
13
Slide 14
Use of Geospatial data
Support detailed characterization of rural landscapes
(Study done by Ekotoxa, CZ)
Landscape features (location, type, area)
Hedgerow
Group of trees
Isolated trees
Pond
Ancient monument
…
Land use / land cover (location, type, area)
Crop type
pasture
Forest
Permanent crop
Fallow land
Buffer strips
…
Eligibility of land
100% eligible
14
14
Slide 15
Use of geospatial data …
Automatic linear features extraction
of VHR images
3D view UAV image
15
Slide 16
Sound management of rural areas
(LPIS as cornerstone)
LPIS + Satellite imagery + additional GIS layers (Digital Elevation Model, …)
Location of: Parcels in vulnerable zones, rivers and green cover buffer, features ..
Taking benefit of INSPIRE directive
3D view of rural landscape
Provide relevant information to farmers (digital, paper)
Increase awareness on Cross Compliance (Advice: FAS)
Reduce risk of infringements
Evaluate & monitor CAP impact on natural resources
16
Slide 17
Geospatial World Forum – Agriculture
Rotterdam – 15th May 2013
Geospatial data and geomatic:
The keystones for the sound implementation
of the European Common Agriculture Policy
Philippe LOUDJANI,
MARS (Monitoring Agricultural Resources) Unit
DG Joint Research Centre
Evidence-based scientific and technical support
Cooperation with policy Directorates-General
Sharing its know-how with the Member States
www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Slide 2
CAP expenditure and CAP reform path
CAP = 0,3 € / EU citizen / day
Billion € (2007 constant prices)
Source: DG Agriculture and Rural Development. 2012
Rural areas + 90% of EU territory
Total: 58 000 000 000 € / year
From which 50% is farmed
40 Billions Direct aids
8 million aid applications
14 Billions Rural development
7
2
Slide 3
Technical support to CAP implementation
To ensure that CAP funds are spent appropriately, Member State Authorities and the
Commission services have to establish and apply appropriate management and
control mechanisms.
MARS Unit provides technical and scientific support for the implementation of the
Common Agriculture Policy linked to direct payments (1st CAP pillar)
• Management of Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) data
(especially Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS)
Management of direct payments to farmers
• Control methods (On-The-Spot checks (OTS))
Control of direct payments
• Cross Compliance (Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC),
Farm Advisory System (FAS), and ‘Greening’)
Conditions to receive direct payments
Technical solutions mostly based on:
Geospatial data and geomatic
3
Slide 4
Before 2003 CAP reform = coupled payments
All farm parcels
Pastures
Agriculture
Remote
Sensing
COP and SA
Olive trees
Parcels of interest
Cropped area
Type of crop
Control
Aerial images + several High Resolution images
Then first VHR images (after 2000)
4
Slide 5
After 2003 CAP reform = decoupled payments
Farm
All parcels
Pastures
COP and SA
Olive trees
Parcels on slopes
Parcels along river
Landscape features
Area
Environment
Agriculture
GAEC
Crop group
Remote
Sensing
Control
Land maintenance
Landscape elements
Except few cases, VHR images needed (less and less HR images and Radar too coarse)
5
Slide 6
Digital Land Parcel System (LPIS)
Since 2005
Reference parcel (Administration)
In IACS-GIS
Land Parcel Identification System
Stable over
time
Use eligibility
recorded officially
claimed parcel (Farmers)
Acts as reference frame for
Aid application
Location in aid
application
May be
unstable
over time
Unique
identifier
Boundary
stored in
GIS
Prevents
Double
Declaration
Based on
Ortho
imagery
Locates land
Use declared
by farmer
987xyz
123xyz
1.23ha
1.23
ha
Area officially
known
1.02ha
987xyz
1.23ha
Area
claimed by
farmer
Controlled
object
“Contracted”
area in
application
Payment
calculation
6
Slide 7
Digital Land Parcel System today
8 million Farmers in 27 EU Member states
Using 140 Million reference parcels uniquely identified
Reference parcels
superimposed on ortho imagery
7
Slide 8
Control with Remote Sensing
Initiated end of 90’s
Today: used by 25 Member States - 340,000 controls = 75% of total farm controls
per Campaign year:
some 400 control zones
800 High Resolution images
250.000 km2 Very High Resolution data
7 million € satellite images purchased in 2012 on behalf of DG Agri
Check of area, land cover, crop
cover, Good agri environmental
conditions …
8
Slide 9
CwRS Campaigns overview
Description
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010*
2011*
2012*
Planned HR sites
124
149
183
192
227
244
249
278
286
287
Radar backup sites
56
50
61(17 triplets)
54 (26)
17 (-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
Total no. images acquired
680
690
690
693
657
538
655
671
735
640
HR purchased (M euro)
1,6
1,7
2
2,3
2,3
1,6
2,13
2,12
2
1,57
37
71
161
181
228
264
285
368
426
470
X 12,7
12.000
50.000
126.000
127.000
150.000
160.000
174.700
224.000
242.000
242.300
X 20,2
VHR purchased (M euro)
0,3
1,6
3
3
3,3
3,8
3,9
4,55
5,1
4,87
MS participating (HR and/or VHR)
12
22
24
23
24
24
25
27
27
27
Total purchased (M euro)
1,9
3,3
5,0
5,3
5,6
5,4
6,0
6,7
7,1
6,44
HR imagery
X 2,3
VHR imagery
Planned VHR sites
Area (km2) accepted
X 3,4
9
Slide 10
Area measurements GNSS and ortho images
According to Art.34(1) of R.1122/2009, MS shall use measurement tools that are “proven to assure
measurement of quality at least equivalent to that required by applicable technical standard, as drawn up at
Community level”.
Device
Expert
Fuzzy
borders
10
10
Slide 11
GNSS devices validation
Area measurement validation method
Buffer tolerance validation method
GNSS and Ortho imagery
GNSS used in all 27 EU Member States for field measurement
More than 6400 receivers !!!!
78 different GNSS devices/mode/method
11
Slide 12
CAP 2020
Greening of the CAP
(crop diversification,
winter cover, permanent
pasture …)
Farm
All parcels
E
Parcels on slopes
F
Parcels along river
A
Landscape features
Pastures
COP and SA
Olive trees
forest
More complex land useland cover management
Almost all areas to consider but urban
Area
Environment
Agriculture
Crop group
GAEC
Greening
Remote
Sensing
Land
maintenance
Control
EFA quantification
Increased VHR images need (at least 50 cm + maybe 3 D information)
12
Slide 13
Technical management of CAP 2020
Proposed Horizontal Regulation “CAP Towards 2020” foresees
continuation of CwRS as part of On The Spot Checks (also IACS
and LPIS maintenance)
Work on implications of the new CAP regulation on:
- the IACS (management system)
- LPIS (parcel reference system)
- OTS checks (control methods)
Technical solutions more than ever based on
Geospatial data and geomatic
13
Slide 14
Use of Geospatial data
Support detailed characterization of rural landscapes
(Study done by Ekotoxa, CZ)
Landscape features (location, type, area)
Hedgerow
Group of trees
Isolated trees
Pond
Ancient monument
…
Land use / land cover (location, type, area)
Crop type
pasture
Forest
Permanent crop
Fallow land
Buffer strips
…
Eligibility of land
100% eligible
14
14
Slide 15
Use of geospatial data …
Automatic linear features extraction
of VHR images
3D view UAV image
15
Slide 16
Sound management of rural areas
(LPIS as cornerstone)
LPIS + Satellite imagery + additional GIS layers (Digital Elevation Model, …)
Location of: Parcels in vulnerable zones, rivers and green cover buffer, features ..
Taking benefit of INSPIRE directive
3D view of rural landscape
Provide relevant information to farmers (digital, paper)
Increase awareness on Cross Compliance (Advice: FAS)
Reduce risk of infringements
Evaluate & monitor CAP impact on natural resources
16
Slide 17