Slide 1

Blood pressure
Jazlynn Tan (11)


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What is high blood pressure?
 causes heart to work harder than normal

 heart and arteries at greater risk of damage.
 increases the risk of heart diseases
 exists where the pressure at which blood is pushing against blood
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vessel walls is consistently above average.
Blood pressure changes throughout the day.
increases during exercise
decreases during sleep.
If left untreated can cause heart to become abnormally large and
less efficient (ventricular hypertrophy) causing heart failure


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Symptoms of high blood pressure
 can cause headaches, dizziness and problems with vision,
 majority of people suffer no symptoms at all.
 Therefore, many people with hypertension remain

undiagnosed because they have no symptoms to go for a
check-up


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Causes of high blood pressure
 If untreated and combined with obesity, smoking, high blood
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cholesterol levels, risk of heart attack is several times higher.
Arteries also suffer the effects of high blood pressure,
becoming scarred, hardened and less elastic.
hardening of arteries occurs with age
high blood pressure accelerates the process.
unable to supply an adequate amount of blood, organs cannot
work effectively.
a blood clot may lodge in an artery which is already
narrowed blocking blood supply.


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measurement
 The doctor measures the maximum pressure (systolic) and

the lowest pressure (diastolic)
 The systolic pressure is the maximum pressure in an
artery at the moment when the heart is beating and pumping
blood through the body.
 The diastolic pressure is the lowest pressure in an artery
in the moments between beats when the heart is resting.
 Both measurements are important – if either one is raised, it
means you have high blood pressure.


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Pacemakers
 A pacemaker is a small device that's placed in the chest or

abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. This
device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a
normal rate.
 Used to treat problems dealing with the rate and rhythm of
the heart


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Types
 Single-chamber pacemakers
 carry electrical pulses from the generator to the right ventricle

of the heart.
 Dual-chamber pacemakers
 carry electrical pulses from the generator to both the right

ventricle and right atrium of the heart.
 coordinate the timing of the right ventricle and right atrium
contractions.
 Biventricular pacemakers
 Has an additional device which delivers electrical pulses from

the generator to the right atrium, right ventricle and left
ventricle


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Video
 http://video.about.com/highbloodpressure/Blood-

Pressure.htm


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References
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/physical_health/conditions/i
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n_depth/heart/hypertension1.shtml
http://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/moderntechnology/how-does-a-pacemaker-work.htm
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/hu
man-biology/blood.htm
http://emedtravel.wordpress.com/2012/04/03/understan
ding-pacemakers-part-2-of-5/
http://hoardingwoes.wordpress.com/2012/02/04/pacema
kers-sustained-life-during-hospice/
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm


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THANK YOU!
For you kind attention