Plural Only for COUNTABLE nouns Regular plural We add - s / -es Example: cups, girls, boys, trees, churches, buses, boxes (because of pronunciation) + potatoes, tomatoes,
Download ReportTranscript Plural Only for COUNTABLE nouns Regular plural We add - s / -es Example: cups, girls, boys, trees, churches, buses, boxes (because of pronunciation) + potatoes, tomatoes,
Slide 1
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 2
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 3
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 4
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 5
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 2
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 3
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 4
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.
Slide 5
Plural
Only for COUNTABLE nouns
Regular plural
We add - s / -es
Example: cups, girls, boys, trees,
churches, buses, boxes (because of
pronunciation)
+ potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes,
torpedoes, vetoes, embargoes(!)
Spelling changes:
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, the
–y changes into –i and we add –es:
e.g. family → families, baby → babies
BUT: a play → plays (because there is
a vowel before –y)
Irregular plural (1)
1) f (in sinuglar) changes into v (in
plural) and we add -es:
knife → knives, wolf → wolves, leaf
→ leaves, half → halves, thief →
thieves, wife → wives , shelf →
shelves, life → lives , calf → calves,
loaf → loaves, self → selves etc.
BUT: roof → roofs, sheriff →
sheriffs
2) -oo- (in singular) changes into
-ee- (in plural) :
tooth → teeth, goose → geese, foot
→ feet
3) –ou- (in singular) changes into
–i- (in plural) :
mouse → mice, louse → lice
Irregular plural (2)
4) We add –en (in plural) :
child → children, ox → oxen
5) -a- (in singular) changes into
-e- (in plural) :
man → men, woman → women,
fireman → firemen etc.
6) Some nouns have the same
form for both singular and plural:
fish, sheep, deer, trout, cod,
offspring, crossroads, dice,
species, series, means, gallows,
headquarters, barracks
Irregular plural (3)
7) Completely different plural:
person (man) → people
8) Nouns of a foreign origin:
oasis → oases, thesis → theses,
crisis → crises, diagnosis →
diagnoses, basis → bases, analysis
→ analyses, criterion → criteria,
phenomenon → phenomena,
curriculum → curricula, bacterium
→ bacteria, medium → media,
syllabus → syllabi, focus → foci,
cactus → cacti, bacillus → bacilli,
stimulus → stimuli etc.