Slide 1

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 2

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 3

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 4

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 5

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 6

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 7

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 8

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 9

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 10

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 11

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 12

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 13

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 14

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 15

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 16

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 17

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 18

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 19

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 20

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 21

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 22

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 23

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 24

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 25

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 26

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 27

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 28

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 29

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 30

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 31

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 32

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 33

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 34

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.


Slide 35

Kecemasan “Heat Wave”

Disediakan oleh Veeramohan Supramaniam.
Ketua Pen. Pegawai Kesihatan Persekitaran
Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Perak Tengah
013-3335361
[email protected]

Gelombang Bahang Panas yang
Melampau (Heat Wave)

Tsunami tidak akan berlaku di
lautan India?

Lapuran NASA - Badai dan ribut solar
• March 22, 2012: A recent flurry of eruptions on the
sun did more than spark pretty auroras around the
poles. NASA-funded researchers say the solar storms
of March 8th through 10th dumped enough energy in
Earth’s upper atmosphere to power every residence in
New York City for two years.
• “This was the biggest dose of heat we’ve received
from a solar storm since 2005,” says Martin Mlynczak
of NASA Langley Research Center. “It was a big event,
and shows how solar activity can directly affect our
planet.”

Badai Solar (flare)

Pancaran Bahang (radiation) yang diterima
dari badai matahari (solar flare)

Aktiviti Bintik Solar dan Suhu

Ramalan bilangan bintik matahari
(1996 hingga 2020)

Increase in Global Temperatures

Keadaan dan fenomena cuaca angkasalepas
dan kesan ke atas Bumi
September 2, 1859, disruption of telegraph service.
One of the best-known examples of space weather events is the collapse of the HydroQuébec power network on March 13, 1989 due to geomagnetically induced currents
(GICs). Caused by a transformer failure, this event led to a general blackout that lasted
more than 9 hours and affected over 6 million people. The geomagnetic storm causing
this event was itself the result of a CME ejected from the sun on March 9, 1989.
Today, airlines fly over 7,500 polar routes per year. These routes take aircraft to latitudes
where satellite communication cannot be used, and flight crews must rely instead on
high-frequency (HF) radio to maintain communication with air traffic control, as
required by federal regulation. During certain space weather events, solar energetic
particles spiral down geomagnetic field lines in the polar regions, where they increase
the density of ionized gas, which in turn affects the propagation of radio waves and can
result in radio blackouts. These events can last for several days, during which time
aircraft must be diverted to latitudes where satellite communications can be used.
No large Solar Energetic Particles events have happened during a manned space
mission. However, such a large event happened on August 7, 1972, between the Apollo
16 and Apollo 17 lunar missions. The dose of particles would have hit an astronaut
outside of Earth's protective magnetic field, had this event happened during one of
these missions, the effects could have been life threatening

Apakah kemungkinan ribut solar berlaku dalam
masa terdekat?
• The sun goes through cycles of high and low activity that repeat
approximately every 11 years. Solar minimum refers to the several Earth
years when the number of sunspots is lowest; solar maximum occurs in
the years when sunspots are most numerous. During solar maximum,
activity on the sun and the possibility of space weather effects on our
terrestrial environment is higher.
• The next solar maximum is expected in the 2013-2014 time frame. No
current observations or data show any impending catastrophic solar
event. In fact, scientists believe the intensity of the upcoming coming
solar maximum will be similar to the previous maximum in 2002.
• We have never been so well prepared for the onset of the next solar
cycle. NASA maintains a fleet of Heliophysics spacecraft to monitor the
sun, geospace, and the space environment between the sun and the
Earth.

June 2003 - France heat wave

Deadly heatwave spreads across Europe killing 70,000. The heatwave
killed more than 14,000 people in France from June to August 2003. Most
of the casualties were old people.

Kebakaran hutan di Melbourne 2009

Heatwave Melbourne Feb 2009

June 2010 - Russia heat wave

Russia, suffered wild fires and its worst drought for 40 years when the
heatwave struck at the start of summer. The country had not experienced
such high temperatures for 1000 years. Thousands of people died in the
heatwave, including scores who drowned while swimming drunk.

22 July 2011 - USA

Deadly heatwave spreads across central and eastern US. A heatwave that has already
killed more than 20 people in the central and eastern US states is expected to worsen
and spread in coming days, forecasters have warned.

America – 14 - 22 March 2012

Chicago, Ill., has broken a record high, from March 14 to March 22. Eight of those days
saw the mercury climb above 80 degrees F, which is normal for mid-June.

May 23, 2012 - India

Patna reached 44.4 degrees C, or 112 F. In some years, especially severe
heat waves have killed hundreds of people. About 1,400 people died in
South Asia within three weeks during pre-monsoon heat in 2003, - Reuters.

Landasan Keterapi Bengkok

Scientists Trace Heat Wave To Massive Star At
Center Of Solar System
August 8, 2011 | ISSUE 47•32

Gelombang Panas di kawasan Bandar
• "Hot temperatures in combination with high humidity cause
human discomfort and may increase morbidity and mortality. A
global climate model with an embedded urban model is used to
explore the urban-rural contrast in the wet-bulb globe
temperature, a heat stress index accounting for temperature and
humidity. Wet-bulb globe temperatures are calculated at each
model time step to resolve the heat stress diurnal cycle. The
model simulates substantially higher heat stress in urban areas
compared to neighbouring rural areas. Urban humidity deficit only
weakly offsets the enhanced heat stress due to the large nighttime urban heat island. The urban-rural contrast in heat stress is
most pronounced at night and over mid-latitudes and subtropics.
During heatwaves, the urban heat stress amplification is
particularly pronounced”.
• Fischer, E. M., K. W. Oleson, and D. M. Lawrence (2012)

Fenomena Pulau Panas
(URBAN HEAT ISLANDS)

Gelombang Panas di Malaysia

Berita Hairan Online
- 2012 antara tahun terpanas
•

•
•

2012/01/08
La Nina, pemanasan global punca suhu melonjak ke paras tinggi
LONDON: Tahun 2012 diramalkan akan menjadi antara 10 tahun yang paling panas dalam tempoh 160 tahun, sejak 1850,
lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu.
Tahun ini juga dilaporkan bakal menjadi tempoh paling panas kali ke sembilan bagi India sejak 1901. Saintis kaji cuaca
meramalkan, suhu pada 2012 adalah 0.48 darjah Celsius lebih panas berbanding purata suhu sepanjang tahun lalu.
Ketua jabatan ramalan cuaca Britain, Adam Scaife berkata walaupun 2010 direkodkan sebagai tahun ‘hangat’, 2011
menyaksikan fenomena La Nina yang kuat dan secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi keadaan cuaca antarabangsa.
“La Nina kembali semula. Walaupun ia tidak sekuat seperti awal tahun lalu, ia masih memberi pengaruh ke atas suhu
pada tahun mendatang. Berikutan itu, kami meramalkan 2012 sebagai tahun yang lebih panas berbanding tahun lalu,
tetapi tidak sepanas tahun 2010,” katanya.
Beliau berkata, 2010 dilihat sebagai tahun paling panas di seluruh dunia dengan suhu berada pada paras 0.53 darjah
Celsius melebihi paras biasa, disusuli tahun 2005, 1998, 2003, 2002, 2009, 2006, 2007, 2001 dan 2011. Pada 2001 dan
2011, suhu berada pada paras 0.41 darjah Celsius melebihi purata 14 darjah.

Setiausaha Pertubuhan Kaji Cuaca Dunia (WMO), Michel Jarraud berkata pengaliran gas rumah hijau ke atmosfera juga
semakin bertambah, di sebalik pelbagai usaha dan kempen di seluruh dunia untuk mengurangkannya.
“Keadaan ini menyebabkan peningkatan suhu antara 2 hingga 2.4 darjah Celsius bagi purata suhu dunia. Saintis percaya
ini akan menyebabkan perubahan besar kepada keadaan tanah, alam sekitar dan lautan,” katanya.
.– Agensi Bernama

Bernama article – Heat Wave
•

Heat Wave A Boon For Aircond Suppliers - By Zulkiple Ibrahim
RAWANG Jan 30 (Bernama) --

The current hot spell enveloping the Klang Valley has proven to be a bother to many urban
dwellers.
"When I switch on the ceiling fan at night, the air that swirls inside my room is hot. When I
open my windows, the mosquitoes start to fly in. Air conditioning helps, but the electricity bill
will certainly go up".
Those are the words of teacher Abdul Rahim Hameed, who stays in Bandar Country Homes
near here.
Many tend to agree with the teacher's words, as the higher usage of air conditioners will mean
higher power bills, apart from more outages because of a surge in electrical usage.
Abdul Rahim is not the only person affected by the current heat wave in the Klang Valley.
Thousands of others are in a similar predicament, with sleepless nights a common major issue.
Civil servant Zaidah Zainal says she has to rely on air conditioners, as her small child is unable
to sleep with the use of a ceiling fan. "My small child will only be able to sleep if I switch on the
air conditioning unit," she says.

Bernama article – continued
•

What is a heat wave?
According to meteorologists, a heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather,
which may be accompanied by high humidity.

According to the print and electronic media, the
Meteorological Department reports that the present
heat wave and dry weather in many parts of Malaysia
are expected to linger at least until September.
Recently, the temperature soared to 36.2 degrees Celsius in Subang, while Kuala Lumpur hit 36
degrees Celsius.

So far, the hottest day ever recorded in Malaysia was May 18, 1998. On that day the
temperature in Chuping, Perlis, went up to 38.9 degrees and Melaka touched 38 degrees.
According to the department, the maximum temperature recorded in the Klang Valley during
the current hot spell is between 35.3 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

29 May 2012
• Meanwhile, Deputy Science, Technology and Innovation
Minister (Mosti) Datuk Fadillah Yusof said no open burning
was allowed throughout the state during this time.
• "The heat wave is expected to continue until September
and temperatures are expected to soar higher than usual.
• "It is best that open burning is avoided during this time to
prevent any untoward incidences."
• The average maximum temperature in Malaysia is 33
degrees Celsius.
• However last month temperatures in the Klang Valley
soared to as high as 36.1 degrees Celsius forcing many to
take respite at shopping malls and public parks.

Bolehkah “heat wave” diramalkan
menggunakan kaedah biasa?.

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Suhu) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (RH) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan Kajicuaca Asia (Angin) – 6 Jun 2012

Ramalan potensi kebakaran - Malaysia

Kaedah Penentuan “Heat Wave”
• Isyarat pertama “heat wave watch” – Suhu
harian bertambah beransuran dari 36oC to
38oC
• “Heat health alert” – suhu melebihi 38oC lebih
dari 5 hari berturut-turut.