Slide 1

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 2

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 3

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 4

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 5

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 6

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 7

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 8

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 9

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 10

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 11

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 12

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 13

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 14

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 15

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 16

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 17

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 18

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 19

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 20

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 21

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 22

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 23

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 24

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 25

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased


Slide 26

Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported

• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties

– British navy also began to search ships for goods

Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent

Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses

• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”

James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots

Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England

• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis

– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence

Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy

Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground

Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards

– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly

Stamp Act

• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence

“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty

Repealing the Stamp Act

• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties

• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence

Townshend Acts

• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods

• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments

Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods

• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton

Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768

Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common

• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”

– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd

Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks

• Two others died within a
few days

Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument

• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause

Boston Massacre

Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre

The site of the Boston Massacre today

Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty

The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it

The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $

The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business

• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor

The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts

The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers

– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec

– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts

• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased