Chapter 3, Section 5 Conflict in the Colonies Great Britain Raises Taxes • Even though Great Britain had won the French and Indian War,
Download ReportTranscript Chapter 3, Section 5 Conflict in the Colonies Great Britain Raises Taxes • Even though Great Britain had won the French and Indian War,
Slide 1
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 2
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 3
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 4
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 5
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 6
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 7
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 8
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 9
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 10
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 11
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 12
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 13
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 14
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 15
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 16
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 17
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 18
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 19
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 20
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 21
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 22
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 23
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 24
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 25
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 26
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 2
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 3
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 4
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 5
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 6
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 7
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 8
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 9
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 10
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 11
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 12
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 13
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 14
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 15
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 16
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 17
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 18
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 19
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 20
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 21
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 22
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 23
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 24
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 25
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased
Slide 26
Chapter 3, Section 5
Conflict in the Colonies
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Even though Great Britain had won the
French and Indian War, the conflict itself
accumulated an enormous debt
– In order to protect its colonies against Native
American attacks, Great Britain kept a
standing army in America
• In order to pay for the standing army, the British
Parliament was asked to tax the colonists
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Sugar Act
– 1764, set duties on molasses and sugar imported
• British officials also tried harder to arrest
smugglers
– Colonial merchants were required to list all the trade
goods they carried aboard their ships
• Lists must be approved before the ships could depart from
the ports
• Lists made if difficult for traders to avoid paying duties
– British navy also began to search ships for goods
Great Britain Raises Taxes
• Parliament made changes in colonial
governments by giving more power to the
vice-admiralty courts
– No juries
– Judges treated suspected smugglers as guilty
until proven innocent
Taxation without Representation
• The actions of Parliament
upset the colonists because
they were used to being
independent
– Rising merchant class believed
that the taxes were unjust and
hurt their businesses
• No taxation without
representation
– James Otis argued that the
power of the crown and of
Parliament was limited
• Could not “take from any man
any part of his property,
without his consent in person
or by representation”
James Otis is buried at the Old
Granary Burial Ground in
Massachusetts alongside many other
famous Patriots
Taxation without Representation
• Colonial Assemblies had little to no power in
Parliamentary decisions
• Colonists did not have direct representation in
Parliament
– Simply subject of the British crown and not citizens of
England
• Samuel Adams
– Agreed with Otis
• Coined phrase “NO TAXATION WITHOUT
REPRESENTATION” with Otis
– Helped found the Committees of Correspondence
Taxation without Representation
• Boycott was a popular
protest method
– Refusal to purchase
British goods
– Intended to hurt the
British economy
Samuel Adams is also buried at
the Old Granary Burial Ground
Stamp Act
• British government continued to search for ways
to tax the colonists
• Stamp Act of 1765
– Proposed by British Prime Minister Grenville
– Required colonists to pay for an official stamp when
they purchased paper items
• Legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, and
even playing cards
– Refusal to pay for stamp could result in fines or jail
time
– Grenville did not expect this tax to spark protest
because people in Britain already paid similar taxes
– Parliament’s first attempt to tax the colonists directly
Stamp Act
• Protests against the
Stamp Act began
almost immediately in
the colonies
– Formed a secret
society: The Sons of
Liberty
• Famous members
include: Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry,
John Hancock, James
Otis, Paul Revere, and
Doctor Joseph Warren
• Often used violence
“Don’t Tread on Me” was a popular
slogan of the Sons of Liberty
Repealing the Stamp Act
• The Massachusetts legislature called for a
Stamp Act Congress
– October 1765, members from 9 colonies met in New
York
• Issued a declaration that the Stamp Act was a violation of
their rights and liberties
• Pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act grew quickly
• Members of Parliament were angry that the
colonists challenged their authority and issued
the Declaratory Act
– Stated that Parliament had the power to make laws
for the colonies “in all cases”
– Stripped away much of the colonists’ independence
Townshend Acts
• Passed by the British Parliament in June
of 1767
• Duties on glass, lead, paints, paper, and
tea
• British government issued Writs of
Assistance to enforce the acts
– Allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled
goods
• Colonists opposed the new laws because
they took power away from Colonial
Governments
Townshend Acts
• Colonists responded to the Townshend Acts by
boycotting British goods
• The Daughters of Liberty
– Colonial women were not allowed to
participate in political life
– The Daughters of Liberty were a group of
patriotic women that joined in the boycott of
British goods.
• Some famous members of the Daughters of Liberty
include Deborah Franklin (Ben’s wife), Abigail Adams
(John’s wife), and Sarah Bradlee Fulton
Townshend Acts
• Massachusetts tax collectors seized the
ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
– Liberty was owned by Patriot and member of
the Sons of Liberty, John Hancock
– In response, the Sons of Liberty attacked
houses of customs officials
– In response to attacks, the governor of
Massachusetts disbanded the Massachusetts
legislature to punish the attackers and asked
troops to restore order
• British soldiers arrived in Massachusetts in
October 1768
Boston Massacre
• Bostonians law the presence of British
troops as a threat by the British
government
• Soldiers knew they were not welcome,
resulting in tension on both sides
– Name calling and fights common
• Tensions exploded on March 5, 1770
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
– One British soldiers was standing guard had
an argument with a colonist and struck him
– A crowd of angry colonists gathered around
the soldiers throwing snowballs and shouting
insults
– British soldiers arrived on the scene and the
crowd of colonists grew louder and angrier
• Some colonists began shouting “Fire if you dare”
– Suddenly the soldiers fired into the crowd
Boston Massacre
• 3 men in the crowd of
colonists were killed
instantly, including sailor
Crispus Attucks
– Son of an African
American father and a
Native American mother
– Born into slavery
– Escaped slavery and
became a sailor for 20
years
– Widely regarded as the
first martyr of the
American Revolution
Crispus Attucks
• Two others died within a
few days
Boston Massacre
• Samuel Adams and members of the Sons of
Liberty quickly began spreading the story, using
it as propaganda
– A story giving only one side a fair argument
• Colonists called the shootings the Boston
Massacre
• Paul Revere created an elaborate color print
titled “The Bloody Massacre perpetrated in King
Street” to further promote the British resistance
cause
Boston Massacre
Paul Revere’s engraving of the Boston
Massacre
The site of the Boston Massacre today
Boston Massacre
• The British soldiers and their officer,
Thomas Preston, were charged with
murder
– Two Boston lawyers, Josiah Quincy and John
Adams defended the soldiers in court, arguing
that the British soldiers had acted in self
defense
• Quincy and Adams won and the six British soldiers
were found not guilty
The Boston Tea Party
• To reduce tensions in the colonies,
Parliament repealed almost all of the
Townshend Acts, except the duties on tea
– Tea was in high demand in the colonies,
regardless of the boycott
• However, most colonists were smuggling tea and
not paying taxes on it
The Boston Tea Party
• To remedy the smuggling problem, the British
East India Company came up with a solution
– The British East India Company had huge amounts of
tea, but was not allowed to sell it directly to the
colonists
– By selling directly to colonists, the British East India
Company could lower prices and still make a profit
• Cheaper tea would encourage colonists to stop illegal
smuggling and less smuggling would result in more tax $
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act
– 1773, allowed the British East India company to sell their tea
directly to the colonists
– Many colonial merchants and smugglers feared that the cheaper
tea would put them out of business
• Three ships loaded with tea from the British East India
Company arrived in the Boston Harbor in 1773
– Members of the Sons of Liberty demanded that they leave
– Massachusetts Governor would not allow the ships to leave
without paying a duty
– Unsure of what to do, the ship captains waited in the Boston
Harbor
The Boston Tea Party
• December 16, 1773
– Colonists (Sons of Liberty and other
protestors) boarded the three ships disguised
as Native Americans
– Dumped over 340 chests of tea into the
Boston Harbor
• Event became known as the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
• Lord North, Great Britain’s new Prime
Minister, was furious about the Boston Tea
party and decided to punish Boston
• Spring, 1774, Britain’s Parliament passed
the Coercive Acts, which the colonists
called the Intolerable Acts
The Intolerable Acts
• Effects of the Intolerable Acts
– Boston Harbor closed until the ruined tea was paid for
– Massachusetts charter cancelled. The governor could decide
when legislature could meet
– Royal officials accused of crimes were sent back to Britain for
trial
– Quartering Act
• Colonial civilians must house and feed British soldiers
– Quebec Act
• Gave a large quantity of land to Quebec
– General Thomas Gage became the New Governor of
Massachusetts
• Colonial anger at Great Britain increased