Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does.
Download ReportTranscript Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move? Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does.
Slide 1
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 2
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 3
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 4
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 5
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 6
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 7
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 8
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 9
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 10
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 11
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 12
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 13
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 14
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 15
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 16
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 17
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 18
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 19
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 20
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 21
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 22
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 23
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 24
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 25
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 26
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 27
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 2
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 3
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 4
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 5
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 6
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 7
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 8
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 9
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 10
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 11
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 12
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 13
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 14
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 15
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 16
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 17
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 18
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 19
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 20
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 21
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 22
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 23
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 24
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 25
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 26
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Slide 27
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• A wave is the up-and-down movement of surface water.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Surface waves are caused
by wind pushing against
the surface of the water.
• Waves constantly affect
the shoreline. Even
gentle waves weather
and erode rock and
transport sand.
• Powerful hurricane winds
produce much larger
waves, which can cause a
storm surge, or an
unusually high water
level.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Catch a Wave
• Energy in waves can be converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical energy can provide a steady source of
electricity, since wave motion never stops.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• An ocean current is
a steady flow of
water in a regular
pattern in the ocean.
Steady winds
temperature
water salinity
the shape of both
ocean floor and
shoreline.
• play a role in driving
currents.
•
•
•
•
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Ocean currents can have predictable effects.
• For example, the Gulf Stream is warm Atlantic Ocean water that
runs south to north along the eastern coast of North America.
• The warm Gulf Stream helps make weather in Europe warmer
than in other places that are as far north.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Water steadily
flowing from
the shore
against
incoming
waves is
called a rip
current.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
• Sometimes, water
in the South Pacific
gets unusually
warm, producing a
climate pattern
called El Niño.
• An El Niño season
disrupts normal
weather patterns,
causing extreme
weather, such as
droughts and
flooding throughout
the world.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Go with the Flow
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The water level
of the ocean
rises and falls
in a cycle called
a tide.
• Tides are
caused by the
“pull” of the
sun and moon
on Earth’s
oceans.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The moon’s gravity
pulls on Earth,
resulting in two bulges
forming in Earth’s
oceans.
• The higher water level
in the bulges produces
a high tide. The lower
water level, or low
tide, occurs between
the bulges.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• When Earth, the sun, and
the moon are in a straight
line, their combined
gravity causes the highest
high tides and the lowest
low tides.
• When the sun, Earth, and
the moon are positioned
in an “L” shape, the
difference between the
levels of high tide and low
tide is the smallest.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
• The relative
positions of
the sun,
moon, and
Earth affect
the heights
of tides.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
The Turning Tides
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• Land at the edge of the
ocean is called shore.
• Waves and ocean currents
carry sand to and away
from the shore. The same
wind that drives the waves
also causes rocks and cliffs
to weather.
• The ocean can carry sand
from beaches in a short
time. A big storm can
erode a beach in a day.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
• People can restore the
beach by replacing and
stabilizing the sand and
by building structures.
• A jetty is a structure,
often made of piles of
rock, that a current
cannot move.
• Jetties preserve beaches
and keep sand from
accumulating and making
waterways too shallow
for boats.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Changing Shorelines
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 11 Lesson 2 How Does Ocean Water Move?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company