Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration.
Download ReportTranscript Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration Table of Contents Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation Section 2 Aerobic Respiration.
Slide 1
Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 2
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Objectives
• Difference between breathing and cellular respiration.
• Describe the major events in glycolysis (part of
respiration).
• Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic
fermentation (respiration without oxygen).
Slide 3
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle
Slide 4
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing is the process of multicellular organisms bring O2 into
the body and removing CO2 from the body through lungs, skin or
gills. This assist the process of cellular respiration. A mechanical
issue that diffuses gases for the cell.
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to
make CO2 and water from organic compounds and O2.
Slide 5
Slide 6
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
2. Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
a. Occurs in the cytoplasm
b. Breaks down glucose (C6) into pyruvate (2 C3)
c. Gives off electrons and H+ picked up by 2NAD+ to become
2NADH.
d. Also releases a little energy in the form of 2ATP.
Slide 7
Chapter 7
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
NADH
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Slide 8
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
2. Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
3. Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN:
a. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration uses no __________ and is
also called __________________
b. Aerobic Cellular Respiration uses ___________
Slide 9
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
2. Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
3. Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN:
a. FERMENTATION
b. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Slide 10
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
a. Fermentation
1) If oxygen is not present, some cells can convert
pyruvic acid (2 C3) into other compounds through
additional biochemical pathways that occur in the
cytoplasm.
2) Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does
regenerate NAD+, which allows for the continued
production of ATP through glycolysis.
3) Two types of Fermentation
a) LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
b) ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
Slide 11
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
a. Fermentation
1) If oxygen is not present
2) Fermentation does not produce ATP
3) Two types of Fermentation
a) LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION - an enzyme
converts pyruvic acid (2 C3) into another threecarbon compound, called lactic acid (2 C3) .
i. Humans = muscle cramps
b) ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION - Some plants
and unicellular organisms, such as yeast,
convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into ethyl alcohol (2
C2) and CO2 gas is released.
Slide 12
Chapter 7
Two Types of
Fermentation
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Slide 13
Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis – breaks down glucose to pyruvate
-produced 2 ATP, and 2NADH
Fermentation occurs without oxygen present
-Lactic Acid and Alcoholic Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 14
Chapter 7
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Objectives
• Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion.
• Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle.
• Summarize the events of the electron transport chain and
chemiosmosis.
• Calculate the efficiency of aerobic respiration.
• Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in
cellular respiration.
Slide 15
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use
to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food
molecules.
Slide 16
Slide 17
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. In eukaryotic cells, the processes of aerobic
respiration occur in the mitochondria. Aerobic
respiration only occurs if oxygen is present in the
cell.
2. Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
3. Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic
respiration)
a. KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
b. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
Slide 18
Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration
Slide 19
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration)
a. KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
1) Uses Pyruvate (2 C3) and releases 2 CO2 to
make Acetyl Co A (2 C2).
2) The Acetyl CoA (2 C2) combines with a two
carbon four molecules to make citric acid (2 C6)
3) Through a series of reactions, 6 NADH released,
2 ATP released, 2 FADH2 and 4 CO2 released.
Slide 20
Preparing for Kreb’s Cycle
Slide 21
Kreb's Review
Slide 22
Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration
Slide 23
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration)
a. KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
b. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from
NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule
to molecule in the electron transport chain.
2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up
by NADH and FADH2.
Slide 24
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
a. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from
NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule
to molecule in the electron transport chain.
2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up
by NADH and FADH2.
3) Electrons move through the ETC, they lose
energy. This energy pumps protons from the
matrix into the intermembrane space.
Slide 25
Chapter 7
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 26
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
a. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
4) High concentration of protons creates a
concentration gradient of protons and a
charge gradient
5) Protons move through ATP synthase and
down their concentration and electrical
gradients, ATP is produced.
6) Oxygen combines with the electrons and
protons to form water.
Slide 27
Chapter 7
ETC Review
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 28
Slide 29
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use
to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food
molecules.
Slide 30
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages: KREB’S Cycle and ETC
4. Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
a. Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules
from the oxidation of a single molecule of glucose. Most
eukaryotic cells produce about 36 ATP molecules per
molecule of glucose.
b. Thus, cellular respiration is nearly 20 times more
efficient than glycolysis alone.
Slide 31
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use
to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food
molecules.
Slide 32
Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
ETC and Chemiosmosis
Slide 33
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Aerobic Cellular Respiration Vs. Fermentation
Slide 34
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 2
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Objectives
• Difference between breathing and cellular respiration.
• Describe the major events in glycolysis (part of
respiration).
• Compare lactic acid fermentation with alcoholic
fermentation (respiration without oxygen).
Slide 3
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Photosynthesis-Cellular Respiration Cycle
Slide 4
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing is the process of multicellular organisms bring O2 into
the body and removing CO2 from the body through lungs, skin or
gills. This assist the process of cellular respiration. A mechanical
issue that diffuses gases for the cell.
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular respiration to
make CO2 and water from organic compounds and O2.
Slide 5
Slide 6
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
2. Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
a. Occurs in the cytoplasm
b. Breaks down glucose (C6) into pyruvate (2 C3)
c. Gives off electrons and H+ picked up by 2NAD+ to become
2NADH.
d. Also releases a little energy in the form of 2ATP.
Slide 7
Chapter 7
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
NADH
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Slide 8
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
2. Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
3. Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN:
a. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration uses no __________ and is
also called __________________
b. Aerobic Cellular Respiration uses ___________
Slide 9
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
I. Harvesting Chemical Energy
A. Breathing
B. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down
organic compounds to produce ATP.
1. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs use cellular
2. Respiration start with GLYCOLYSIS:
3. Next Stage is determined by OXYGEN:
a. FERMENTATION
b. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Slide 10
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
a. Fermentation
1) If oxygen is not present, some cells can convert
pyruvic acid (2 C3) into other compounds through
additional biochemical pathways that occur in the
cytoplasm.
2) Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does
regenerate NAD+, which allows for the continued
production of ATP through glycolysis.
3) Two types of Fermentation
a) LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
b) ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
Slide 11
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
a. Fermentation
1) If oxygen is not present
2) Fermentation does not produce ATP
3) Two types of Fermentation
a) LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION - an enzyme
converts pyruvic acid (2 C3) into another threecarbon compound, called lactic acid (2 C3) .
i. Humans = muscle cramps
b) ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION - Some plants
and unicellular organisms, such as yeast,
convert pyruvic acid (2 C3) into ethyl alcohol (2
C2) and CO2 gas is released.
Slide 12
Chapter 7
Two Types of
Fermentation
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Slide 13
Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis – breaks down glucose to pyruvate
-produced 2 ATP, and 2NADH
Fermentation occurs without oxygen present
-Lactic Acid and Alcoholic Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 14
Chapter 7
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Objectives
• Relate aerobic respiration to the structure of a mitochondrion.
• Summarize the events of the Krebs cycle.
• Summarize the events of the electron transport chain and
chemiosmosis.
• Calculate the efficiency of aerobic respiration.
• Contrast the roles of glycolysis and aerobic respiration in
cellular respiration.
Slide 15
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use
to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food
molecules.
Slide 16
Slide 17
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1. In eukaryotic cells, the processes of aerobic
respiration occur in the mitochondria. Aerobic
respiration only occurs if oxygen is present in the
cell.
2. Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
3. Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic
respiration)
a. KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
b. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
Slide 18
Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration
Slide 19
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration)
a. KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
1) Uses Pyruvate (2 C3) and releases 2 CO2 to
make Acetyl Co A (2 C2).
2) The Acetyl CoA (2 C2) combines with a two
carbon four molecules to make citric acid (2 C6)
3) Through a series of reactions, 6 NADH released,
2 ATP released, 2 FADH2 and 4 CO2 released.
Slide 20
Preparing for Kreb’s Cycle
Slide 21
Kreb's Review
Slide 22
Three Main Stages of Cellular Respiration
Slide 23
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages (Total of three stages for aerobic respiration)
a. KREB’S Cycle: matrix of the mitochondria
b. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from
NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule
to molecule in the electron transport chain.
2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up
by NADH and FADH2.
Slide 24
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
a. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
1) High-energy electrons in hydrogen atoms from
NADH and FADH2 are passed from molecule
to molecule in the electron transport chain.
2) Protons (hydrogen ions, H+) are also given up
by NADH and FADH2.
3) Electrons move through the ETC, they lose
energy. This energy pumps protons from the
matrix into the intermembrane space.
Slide 25
Chapter 7
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 26
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
a. Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis: inner
membrane of the mitochondria called the cristae.
4) High concentration of protons creates a
concentration gradient of protons and a
charge gradient
5) Protons move through ATP synthase and
down their concentration and electrical
gradients, ATP is produced.
6) Oxygen combines with the electrons and
protons to form water.
Slide 27
Chapter 7
ETC Review
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Slide 28
Slide 29
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use
to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food
molecules.
Slide 30
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
II. Harvesting Chemical Energy using Oxygen
A. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
In eukaryotic cells
Glycolysis Occurs first in the cytoplasm
Two more Stages: KREB’S Cycle and ETC
4. Efficiency of Cellular Respiration
a. Cellular respiration can produce up to 38 ATP molecules
from the oxidation of a single molecule of glucose. Most
eukaryotic cells produce about 36 ATP molecules per
molecule of glucose.
b. Thus, cellular respiration is nearly 20 times more
efficient than glycolysis alone.
Slide 31
Cellular Respiration (Aerobic) = process that cells use
to produce ATP by breaking down glucose or other food
molecules.
Slide 32
Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration
Table of Contents
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Section 2 Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
ETC and Chemiosmosis
Slide 33
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Aerobic Cellular Respiration Vs. Fermentation
Slide 34
Chapter 7
Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
Comparing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept