Lunar Regolith Protection System Dalhousie University Mechanical Engineering MECH 4020 Team #3 Problem Definition Problem Definition Fall ‘08 Design Final Design Adjustable Brackets Lid and Base Active Protection System SMA Hinge Complete Design Performance Limitations Budget Requirements Conclusions Team #3 Apr.
Download ReportTranscript Lunar Regolith Protection System Dalhousie University Mechanical Engineering MECH 4020 Team #3 Problem Definition Problem Definition Fall ‘08 Design Final Design Adjustable Brackets Lid and Base Active Protection System SMA Hinge Complete Design Performance Limitations Budget Requirements Conclusions Team #3 Apr.
Slide 1
Lunar Regolith Protection
System
Dalhousie University
Mechanical Engineering
MECH 4020
Team #3
Slide 2
Problem Definition
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #2
• Design an apparatus or system to protect
Light Detection and Ranging System
(LIDAR) instrument from regolith
• Improve upon Phoenix design
• Design must function in a lunar
environment
Slide 3
Fall Semester Design
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Final conceptual design as of
December ‘08
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #3
Slide 4
Final Design
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Improvements made to December
‘08 design
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #4
Slide 5
Adjustable Brackets
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #5
• Allow for fine-tuning of SMA
orientation before the range of
motion becomes consistent
• Final dimensions of SMA’s would
be used
• Fasteners eliminated from actual
model
Slide 6
Lid
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Lid profiles unchanged
• Additional lip on minor lid to prevent dust from
infiltrating seam
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #6
Slide 7
Base
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Male mating surface along rim for accurate
seating of lids
• SMA attachment moved to base plate
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #7
Slide 8
Active Protection System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Charged particles are
attracted to the
capacitor plates and will
not interfere with LIDAR
operation
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #8
• Testing demonstrated that 100% of charged
particles are collected
Slide 9
Testing: Active Protection
System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Capacitor mock-up
in Styrofoam block
• Arcing caused by
plates being too
close
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #9
Slide 10
SMA Hinge
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #10
• Nitinol (NiTi) actuator
alloy
• Transformation
Temperature: 40oC
Slide 11
SMA Hinge
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #11
Thin-film Heaters
Final Dies
Slide 12
Testing:
SMA Hinge
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #12
SMA Wire
Small SMA Strips
Slide 13
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #13
Testing:
SMA Bowing
Passive
Strip
Active
Strips
Clamping
Bars
Slide 14
Complete System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #14
Slide 15
Complete System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #15
Slide 16
System Performance
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Parameter
Active System Power Requirement
SMA Hinge Power Requirement
Consistent Range of Motion
20 W
75 degrees
Opening Time
Approx. 20 s
Closing Time
Approx. 20 s
Minimum Cycle Time
SMA Transition Temperature
Max. Operational SMA Temperature (8.5W/in2)
Particle Infiltration
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #16
0.5 W-SS
1.0 W-Peak
10 min
Approx. 40 deg C
80 deg C
Trace
Slide 17
System Performance
Actuator Temp vs Time
120
100
Actuator Temperature (C)
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
80
5.8 W/in^2
60
8.5 W/in^2
10 W/in^2
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time since Activation (s)
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #17
60
70
80
Slide 18
Limitations
• Power requirements
• Lid mating and range of motion
120
Range of Motion (degrees)
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Lid Range of Motion vs Cycle
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #18
10
20
Cycle Number
30
Slide 19
Budget
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #19
Expense
Cost
SMA Strips
$280
Thin-film Heaters
$640
Power Supply
$80
Teflon
$120
Rapid Prototyping
$290
Miscellaneous (hardware, wiring, etc.)
$30
TOTAL EXPENSES
$1440
BUDGET
$1450
Slide 20
Requirements
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Constraints
Withstand extreme thermal conditions
Withstand high radiation environment
Must not rely on gravity
No unvented cavities
Must not interfere with LIDAR operation
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #20
Met?
Slide 21
Requirements
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Criteria
Minimize power requirements
Minimize weight and size
Last at least 3 months in lunar
environment
Minimal regolith accumulation on
instrument
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #21
Met?
Slide 22
Conclusions
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #22
• Complexity of lunar environment
• Multi-layered solutions are critical
for dust protection
• Design strengths
– SMA hinge
– Lid geometry
– Active protection
Slide 23
Acknowledgements
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #23
•
•
•
•
Dr. Andrew Warkentin
Dr. Marie-Josée Potvin
Dr. Julio Militzer
Dalhousie University Mechanical
Engineering Department
• Shell Canada
Slide 24
Questions?
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #24
Lunar Regolith Protection
System
Dalhousie University
Mechanical Engineering
MECH 4020
Team #3
Slide 2
Problem Definition
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #2
• Design an apparatus or system to protect
Light Detection and Ranging System
(LIDAR) instrument from regolith
• Improve upon Phoenix design
• Design must function in a lunar
environment
Slide 3
Fall Semester Design
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Final conceptual design as of
December ‘08
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #3
Slide 4
Final Design
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Improvements made to December
‘08 design
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #4
Slide 5
Adjustable Brackets
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #5
• Allow for fine-tuning of SMA
orientation before the range of
motion becomes consistent
• Final dimensions of SMA’s would
be used
• Fasteners eliminated from actual
model
Slide 6
Lid
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Lid profiles unchanged
• Additional lip on minor lid to prevent dust from
infiltrating seam
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #6
Slide 7
Base
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Male mating surface along rim for accurate
seating of lids
• SMA attachment moved to base plate
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #7
Slide 8
Active Protection System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Charged particles are
attracted to the
capacitor plates and will
not interfere with LIDAR
operation
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #8
• Testing demonstrated that 100% of charged
particles are collected
Slide 9
Testing: Active Protection
System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
• Capacitor mock-up
in Styrofoam block
• Arcing caused by
plates being too
close
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #9
Slide 10
SMA Hinge
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #10
• Nitinol (NiTi) actuator
alloy
• Transformation
Temperature: 40oC
Slide 11
SMA Hinge
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #11
Thin-film Heaters
Final Dies
Slide 12
Testing:
SMA Hinge
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #12
SMA Wire
Small SMA Strips
Slide 13
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #13
Testing:
SMA Bowing
Passive
Strip
Active
Strips
Clamping
Bars
Slide 14
Complete System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #14
Slide 15
Complete System
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #15
Slide 16
System Performance
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Parameter
Active System Power Requirement
SMA Hinge Power Requirement
Consistent Range of Motion
20 W
75 degrees
Opening Time
Approx. 20 s
Closing Time
Approx. 20 s
Minimum Cycle Time
SMA Transition Temperature
Max. Operational SMA Temperature (8.5W/in2)
Particle Infiltration
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #16
0.5 W-SS
1.0 W-Peak
10 min
Approx. 40 deg C
80 deg C
Trace
Slide 17
System Performance
Actuator Temp vs Time
120
100
Actuator Temperature (C)
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
80
5.8 W/in^2
60
8.5 W/in^2
10 W/in^2
40
20
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Time since Activation (s)
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #17
60
70
80
Slide 18
Limitations
• Power requirements
• Lid mating and range of motion
120
Range of Motion (degrees)
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Lid Range of Motion vs Cycle
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #18
10
20
Cycle Number
30
Slide 19
Budget
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #19
Expense
Cost
SMA Strips
$280
Thin-film Heaters
$640
Power Supply
$80
Teflon
$120
Rapid Prototyping
$290
Miscellaneous (hardware, wiring, etc.)
$30
TOTAL EXPENSES
$1440
BUDGET
$1450
Slide 20
Requirements
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Constraints
Withstand extreme thermal conditions
Withstand high radiation environment
Must not rely on gravity
No unvented cavities
Must not interfere with LIDAR operation
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #20
Met?
Slide 21
Requirements
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Criteria
Minimize power requirements
Minimize weight and size
Last at least 3 months in lunar
environment
Minimal regolith accumulation on
instrument
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #21
Met?
Slide 22
Conclusions
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #22
• Complexity of lunar environment
• Multi-layered solutions are critical
for dust protection
• Design strengths
– SMA hinge
– Lid geometry
– Active protection
Slide 23
Acknowledgements
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #23
•
•
•
•
Dr. Andrew Warkentin
Dr. Marie-Josée Potvin
Dr. Julio Militzer
Dalhousie University Mechanical
Engineering Department
• Shell Canada
Slide 24
Questions?
Problem Definition
Fall ‘08 Design
Final Design
Adjustable Brackets
Lid and Base
Active Protection
System
SMA Hinge
Complete Design
Performance
Limitations
Budget
Requirements
Conclusions
Team #3
Apr 8 2009
Slide #24