1920s America I. Presidential Policies in a Republican Decade A. Warren G. Harding, 1921-1923 1. 2. Scandals – Harding gave friends government positions These “friends” used their positions demand bribes and kickbacks.
Download ReportTranscript 1920s America I. Presidential Policies in a Republican Decade A. Warren G. Harding, 1921-1923 1. 2. Scandals – Harding gave friends government positions These “friends” used their positions demand bribes and kickbacks.
Slide 1
1920s America
1
Slide 2
I. Presidential Policies in a Republican
Decade
A.
Warren G. Harding,
1921-1923
1.
2.
Scandals – Harding
gave friends
government positions
These “friends” used
their positions demand
bribes and kickbacks.
2
Slide 3
3
Slide 4
B. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE: 1923-1929
1.
2.
“The Business of
America is Business”
Coolidge saw his job as
president was to make
sure that the
government interfered
with business and
industry as little as
possible.
4
Slide 5
Coolidge was the least active president in history,
taking daily afternoon naps and proposing no new
legislation.
Coolidge and big business
dancing to the same tune.
Farmers in the 1920’S did
not share in the general
prosperity of the decade.
5
Slide 6
"We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over
poverty than ever before in the history of any land.”
Herbert Hoover, one year before the Great Depression began.
Within six months of taking
office the stock market
crashed and the Great
Depression began. Hoover
was philosophically
unequipped to take the
needed actions to relieve
the suffering of the
unemployed and farmers
nor initiate legislation to
remedy the factors that
caused the Depression.
6
Slide 7
C. Boom Time in the 1920s
1.
2.
Most Americans
experienced prosperity
during the 1920s as wages
increased.
The gov’t followed trickledown theory of economics
by cutting taxes to the
wealthy to encourage
investment and business
expansion.
7
Slide 8
II. Civil Liberties Under Attack
A.
B.
C.
KKK, dedicated to
persecuting minorities in
American society
Had over 2 million
members by 1924
Used terror and murder
to intimidate, and elected
many KKK members to
local , state and federal
offices.
WOMEN KKK MEMBERS MARCH
8
Slide 9
THE RUSSIAN BOLSHEVIK
REVOLUTION IN 1917 LED
TO WIDE SCALE FEAR IN
THE U.S. THAT
COMMUNISTS WOULD TRY
TO TAKE OVER THE
COUNTRY
9
Slide 10
DURING 1919 THERE WERE MORE THAN 3,000 STRIKES THROUGHOUT
THE COUNTRY, INVOLVING MORE THAN 4 MILLION WORKERS.
Employers tended to associate the unions and strikes with communism. Violence
was often associated with strikes with the military often being called in to bring
peace and end the strikes. The American public was often unsympathetic to
strikers.
Coolidge on law and order.
10
Slide 11
1919 CARTOONS
ON THE WAVE
OF STRIKES
SWEEPING THE
U.S.
11
Slide 12
FOR FOUR DAYS IN EARLY FEBRUARY 1919, THE SEATTLE
LABOR ESTABLISHMENT CLOSED DOWN THE CITY AND
CAPTURED NATION-WIDE ATTENTION IN THE FIRST CITYWIDE GENERAL STRIKE IN U.S. HISTORY. POLITICIANS AND
NEWSPAPERS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND
THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY INTERPRETED THE ACTION AS
THE BEGINNING OF A BOLSHEVIK-STYLE REVOLUTION.
12
Slide 13
RED SCARE
EVENTS IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE AND MASSIVE STRIKES AT
HOME LED TO A FEAR THAT THE U.S. WOULD BE THE NEXT
TARGET OF COMMUNISTS. MOST AMERICANS BELIEVED A
SERIES OF BOMBINGS WAS THE WORK OF COMMUNISTS OR
OTHER REVOLUTIONARIES TRYING TO DESTROY THE
AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE.
13
Slide 14
D. US Attorney General A.
Mitchell Palmer staged
crackdowns on
suspected radicals.
1. Many innocent victims
suffered violations of
civil rights.
2. Hundreds of
immigrants were
forcibly deported
“SHIP OR SHOOT”
14
Slide 15
E. Fear of outside influences
led to restrictions on
immigration.
1. The National Origins
Act of 1924 made
immigrant restriction a
permanent policy and set
quotas from different
countries.
2. Immigrants from
northern and western
Europe were favored.
15
Slide 16
16
Slide 17
III. Groups form to protect civil liberties.
A. The NAACP, founded in
1909, battled segregation
and discrimination against
African Americans.
B. They held their annual
conference in 1920 in
Atlanta, one of the most
active Klan areas at the
time.
17
Slide 18
Two years later, the
NAACP placed large
ads in major
newspapers to
present the facts
about lynching.
18
Slide 19
ANTI SEMITISM IN THE 1920s
ANTI-DEFAMATION
LEAGUE FOUNDED,
1913
"THE IMMEDIATE OBJECT OF THE LEAGUE IS TO
STOP, BY APPEALS TO REASON AND
CONSCIENCE AND, IF NECESSARY, BY APPEALS
TO LAW, THE DEFAMATION OF THE JEWISH
PEOPLE. ITS ULTIMATE PURPOSE IS TO SECURE
JUSTICE AND FAIR TREATMENT TO ALL
CITIZENS ALIKE AND TO PUT AN END FOREVER
TO UNJUST AND UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST AND RIDICULE OF ANY SECT OR BODY
OF CITIZENS."
LEO FRANK, JEWISH
BUSINESSMAN, WAS LYNCHED IN ADL CHARTER
ATLANTA IN 1915 FOR A CRIME HE OCTOBER 1913
DID NOT COMMIT
19
Slide 20
C.
D.
Marcus Garvey’s call
for Black nationalism
led to pride in black
culture and traditions.
Back-to-Africa
movement called for
settlement of Black
Americans in Africa.
20
Slide 21
Middle-class Black Americans disliked Garvey’s push for racial
separation. More were alienated when he criticized artists of the
Harlem Renaissance as “flatterers of the white man”.
21
Slide 22
IV. Prohibition
A. The 18th amendment,
1919, made it illegal to
manufacture, transport,
sell, or consume alcohol.
B. The 18th amendment was
enforced by the Volstead
Act, which increased
federal police powers.
22
Slide 23
23
Slide 24
CARRY NATION, A LEADING
ACTIVIST OF THE ANTITEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
24
Slide 25
BILLY SUNDAY WAS A
BASEBALL PLAYER WHO
BECAME AN EVANGELIST
CRUSADING FOR THE
PROHIBITION OF
ALCOHOL IN AMERICA
25
Slide 26
C. A major effect of
prohibition was the
rise of criminal
organizations formed
to satisfy demands
for liquor.
St. Valentine’s Day Massacre – Feb. 14, 1929 in
Chicago, Illinois. Italian gang led by Al Capone
killed members of Irish gang led by Bugs Moran
over control of supplying illegal liquor.
26
Slide 27
AL CAPONE A.K.A SCARFACE
27
Slide 28
V. The Changing Role of Women
A.
1917-1918 SUFFRAGE
RIOTS IN FRONT OF THE
WHITE HOUSE GATES.
SEVERAL OF THE
WOMEN PICKETING
WERE ARRESTED.
B.
During WWI, suffragists
argued that women were
serving the government
in war industries and
deserved the right to
vote.
Women got the right to
vote with the 19th
Amendment on August
24, 1920.
28
Slide 29
SUFFRAGIST
MARCHING
PROPAGANDA POSTER
29
Slide 30
WOMEN VOTING IN 1920
30
Slide 31
THE ROLE OF WOMEN BEGAN TO
CHANGE
31
Slide 32
WOMEN BEING ARRESTED IN 1922 FOR
WEARING REVEALING BATHING SUITS
32
Slide 33
FLAPPERS
Flappers became symbols of the Roaring Twenties. Flappers were
young women who defied social conventions by cutting their hair,
adopting comfortable, corset-free clothes, drinking and smoking in
public, and embracing dance crazes and a new spirit of sexual
openness. Young women were bobbing their hair, rolling down their
33
stockings, raising their hemlines, and wearing makeup.
Slide 34
NEW CAREERS AND
OPPORTUNITIES
OPENED UP FOR
WOMEN IN THE 1920s
34
Slide 35
VI. Harlem Renaissance: 1919 to 1935, Harlem,
New York City
A. Black artists, writers,
dancers, poets, historians,
and many others turned
Harlem into a center of
culture, creativity, and
exploration of African
American roots.
35
Slide 36
36
Slide 37
JAZZ WAS SO POPULAR THAT THE 20s
IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE JAZZ
AGE
DUKE
ELLINGTON
LOUIS ARMSTRONG
37
Slide 38
VII. New Technologies Reshape America
A.
B.
C.
Radios and movies led to
the growth of a worldwide
culture.
American life transformed
from rural to urbandominated culture.
Radio and movies led to
mass entertainment and
mass marketing.
38
Slide 39
KDKA, THE FIRST COMMERCIAL
RADIO STATION IN THE U.S.
KDKA BEGAN
SCHEDULED
PROGRAMMING
WITH THE
HARDING-COX
PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
RETURNS ON
NOVEMBER 2,
1920
39
Slide 40
ADS FOR RADIOS IN THE 1920s
IN 2002 DOLLARS THE
LYRIC RADIOS COST
$950.90 TO $4369.00.
40
1920s America
1
Slide 2
I. Presidential Policies in a Republican
Decade
A.
Warren G. Harding,
1921-1923
1.
2.
Scandals – Harding
gave friends
government positions
These “friends” used
their positions demand
bribes and kickbacks.
2
Slide 3
3
Slide 4
B. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE: 1923-1929
1.
2.
“The Business of
America is Business”
Coolidge saw his job as
president was to make
sure that the
government interfered
with business and
industry as little as
possible.
4
Slide 5
Coolidge was the least active president in history,
taking daily afternoon naps and proposing no new
legislation.
Coolidge and big business
dancing to the same tune.
Farmers in the 1920’S did
not share in the general
prosperity of the decade.
5
Slide 6
"We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over
poverty than ever before in the history of any land.”
Herbert Hoover, one year before the Great Depression began.
Within six months of taking
office the stock market
crashed and the Great
Depression began. Hoover
was philosophically
unequipped to take the
needed actions to relieve
the suffering of the
unemployed and farmers
nor initiate legislation to
remedy the factors that
caused the Depression.
6
Slide 7
C. Boom Time in the 1920s
1.
2.
Most Americans
experienced prosperity
during the 1920s as wages
increased.
The gov’t followed trickledown theory of economics
by cutting taxes to the
wealthy to encourage
investment and business
expansion.
7
Slide 8
II. Civil Liberties Under Attack
A.
B.
C.
KKK, dedicated to
persecuting minorities in
American society
Had over 2 million
members by 1924
Used terror and murder
to intimidate, and elected
many KKK members to
local , state and federal
offices.
WOMEN KKK MEMBERS MARCH
8
Slide 9
THE RUSSIAN BOLSHEVIK
REVOLUTION IN 1917 LED
TO WIDE SCALE FEAR IN
THE U.S. THAT
COMMUNISTS WOULD TRY
TO TAKE OVER THE
COUNTRY
9
Slide 10
DURING 1919 THERE WERE MORE THAN 3,000 STRIKES THROUGHOUT
THE COUNTRY, INVOLVING MORE THAN 4 MILLION WORKERS.
Employers tended to associate the unions and strikes with communism. Violence
was often associated with strikes with the military often being called in to bring
peace and end the strikes. The American public was often unsympathetic to
strikers.
Coolidge on law and order.
10
Slide 11
1919 CARTOONS
ON THE WAVE
OF STRIKES
SWEEPING THE
U.S.
11
Slide 12
FOR FOUR DAYS IN EARLY FEBRUARY 1919, THE SEATTLE
LABOR ESTABLISHMENT CLOSED DOWN THE CITY AND
CAPTURED NATION-WIDE ATTENTION IN THE FIRST CITYWIDE GENERAL STRIKE IN U.S. HISTORY. POLITICIANS AND
NEWSPAPERS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST AND
THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY INTERPRETED THE ACTION AS
THE BEGINNING OF A BOLSHEVIK-STYLE REVOLUTION.
12
Slide 13
RED SCARE
EVENTS IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE AND MASSIVE STRIKES AT
HOME LED TO A FEAR THAT THE U.S. WOULD BE THE NEXT
TARGET OF COMMUNISTS. MOST AMERICANS BELIEVED A
SERIES OF BOMBINGS WAS THE WORK OF COMMUNISTS OR
OTHER REVOLUTIONARIES TRYING TO DESTROY THE
AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE.
13
Slide 14
D. US Attorney General A.
Mitchell Palmer staged
crackdowns on
suspected radicals.
1. Many innocent victims
suffered violations of
civil rights.
2. Hundreds of
immigrants were
forcibly deported
“SHIP OR SHOOT”
14
Slide 15
E. Fear of outside influences
led to restrictions on
immigration.
1. The National Origins
Act of 1924 made
immigrant restriction a
permanent policy and set
quotas from different
countries.
2. Immigrants from
northern and western
Europe were favored.
15
Slide 16
16
Slide 17
III. Groups form to protect civil liberties.
A. The NAACP, founded in
1909, battled segregation
and discrimination against
African Americans.
B. They held their annual
conference in 1920 in
Atlanta, one of the most
active Klan areas at the
time.
17
Slide 18
Two years later, the
NAACP placed large
ads in major
newspapers to
present the facts
about lynching.
18
Slide 19
ANTI SEMITISM IN THE 1920s
ANTI-DEFAMATION
LEAGUE FOUNDED,
1913
"THE IMMEDIATE OBJECT OF THE LEAGUE IS TO
STOP, BY APPEALS TO REASON AND
CONSCIENCE AND, IF NECESSARY, BY APPEALS
TO LAW, THE DEFAMATION OF THE JEWISH
PEOPLE. ITS ULTIMATE PURPOSE IS TO SECURE
JUSTICE AND FAIR TREATMENT TO ALL
CITIZENS ALIKE AND TO PUT AN END FOREVER
TO UNJUST AND UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST AND RIDICULE OF ANY SECT OR BODY
OF CITIZENS."
LEO FRANK, JEWISH
BUSINESSMAN, WAS LYNCHED IN ADL CHARTER
ATLANTA IN 1915 FOR A CRIME HE OCTOBER 1913
DID NOT COMMIT
19
Slide 20
C.
D.
Marcus Garvey’s call
for Black nationalism
led to pride in black
culture and traditions.
Back-to-Africa
movement called for
settlement of Black
Americans in Africa.
20
Slide 21
Middle-class Black Americans disliked Garvey’s push for racial
separation. More were alienated when he criticized artists of the
Harlem Renaissance as “flatterers of the white man”.
21
Slide 22
IV. Prohibition
A. The 18th amendment,
1919, made it illegal to
manufacture, transport,
sell, or consume alcohol.
B. The 18th amendment was
enforced by the Volstead
Act, which increased
federal police powers.
22
Slide 23
23
Slide 24
CARRY NATION, A LEADING
ACTIVIST OF THE ANTITEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
24
Slide 25
BILLY SUNDAY WAS A
BASEBALL PLAYER WHO
BECAME AN EVANGELIST
CRUSADING FOR THE
PROHIBITION OF
ALCOHOL IN AMERICA
25
Slide 26
C. A major effect of
prohibition was the
rise of criminal
organizations formed
to satisfy demands
for liquor.
St. Valentine’s Day Massacre – Feb. 14, 1929 in
Chicago, Illinois. Italian gang led by Al Capone
killed members of Irish gang led by Bugs Moran
over control of supplying illegal liquor.
26
Slide 27
AL CAPONE A.K.A SCARFACE
27
Slide 28
V. The Changing Role of Women
A.
1917-1918 SUFFRAGE
RIOTS IN FRONT OF THE
WHITE HOUSE GATES.
SEVERAL OF THE
WOMEN PICKETING
WERE ARRESTED.
B.
During WWI, suffragists
argued that women were
serving the government
in war industries and
deserved the right to
vote.
Women got the right to
vote with the 19th
Amendment on August
24, 1920.
28
Slide 29
SUFFRAGIST
MARCHING
PROPAGANDA POSTER
29
Slide 30
WOMEN VOTING IN 1920
30
Slide 31
THE ROLE OF WOMEN BEGAN TO
CHANGE
31
Slide 32
WOMEN BEING ARRESTED IN 1922 FOR
WEARING REVEALING BATHING SUITS
32
Slide 33
FLAPPERS
Flappers became symbols of the Roaring Twenties. Flappers were
young women who defied social conventions by cutting their hair,
adopting comfortable, corset-free clothes, drinking and smoking in
public, and embracing dance crazes and a new spirit of sexual
openness. Young women were bobbing their hair, rolling down their
33
stockings, raising their hemlines, and wearing makeup.
Slide 34
NEW CAREERS AND
OPPORTUNITIES
OPENED UP FOR
WOMEN IN THE 1920s
34
Slide 35
VI. Harlem Renaissance: 1919 to 1935, Harlem,
New York City
A. Black artists, writers,
dancers, poets, historians,
and many others turned
Harlem into a center of
culture, creativity, and
exploration of African
American roots.
35
Slide 36
36
Slide 37
JAZZ WAS SO POPULAR THAT THE 20s
IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE JAZZ
AGE
DUKE
ELLINGTON
LOUIS ARMSTRONG
37
Slide 38
VII. New Technologies Reshape America
A.
B.
C.
Radios and movies led to
the growth of a worldwide
culture.
American life transformed
from rural to urbandominated culture.
Radio and movies led to
mass entertainment and
mass marketing.
38
Slide 39
KDKA, THE FIRST COMMERCIAL
RADIO STATION IN THE U.S.
KDKA BEGAN
SCHEDULED
PROGRAMMING
WITH THE
HARDING-COX
PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTION
RETURNS ON
NOVEMBER 2,
1920
39
Slide 40
ADS FOR RADIOS IN THE 1920s
IN 2002 DOLLARS THE
LYRIC RADIOS COST
$950.90 TO $4369.00.
40