Slide 1

Fundamentals of

Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION

Chapter 7, part 1
The Axial Skeleton

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Slide 2

Learning Objectives
• Identify the bones of the axial skeleton and
specify their functions.
• Identify the bones of the cranium and face.
• Describe the differences between adult, child and
infant skulls.
• Identify and describe the curvatures of the spinal
column.
• Identify the vertebral regions and give
characteristics of each.
• Explain the articulations between the thoracic
vertebrae, the ribs and sternum.
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Slide 3

SECTION 7-1
Divisions of the Skeleton

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Slide 4

Skeletal system includes both:
• Axial skeleton
• Skull

• Auditory ossicles and hyoid bone
• Vertebral column
• Thoracic cage

• Appendicular skeleton
• Pectoral and pelvic girdles
• Upper and lower limbs
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Slide 5

Figure 7.1b The Axial Skeleton

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Figure 7.1b


Slide 6

SECTION 7-2
The Skull

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Slide 7

The skull
• Consists of the cranium and the bones of the face
• The cranium encloses cranial cavity
• Facial bones surround and protect the
entrances to the respiratory and digestive
tracts
• Superficial landmarks include the sutures
• Lambdoid
• Coronal
• Sagittal
• Squamous
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Slide 8

Figure 7.2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of
the Skull

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Figure 7.2


Slide 9

Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull

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Figure 7.3a, b


Slide 10

Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull

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Figure 7.3c


Slide 11

Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull

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Figure 7.3d


Slide 12

Figure 7.3 The Adult Skull

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Figure 7.3e


Slide 13

Focus: The Individual Bones of the Skull Cranial
Bones

• one occipital bone
• foramen magnum

• two temporal bones
• auditory ossicles

• two parietal bones

• one sphenoid

• one frontal bone

• one ethmoid

• frontal sinuses

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Slide 14

Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull

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Figure 7.4a


Slide 15

Figure 7.4 The Sectional Anatomy of the Skull

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Figure 7.4b