Wageningen IMARES Risk analysis mussels transfer Jeroen Wijsman, Aad Smaal Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, The Netherlands ICSR’06 Charleston Wageningen IMARES is een.
Download ReportTranscript Wageningen IMARES Risk analysis mussels transfer Jeroen Wijsman, Aad Smaal Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, The Netherlands ICSR’06 Charleston Wageningen IMARES is een.
Slide 1
Wageningen IMARES
Risk analysis mussels transfer
Jeroen Wijsman, Aad Smaal
Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, The Netherlands
ICSR’06 Charleston
Wageningen IMARES is een samenwerkingsverband
tussen Wageningen UR en TNO
Slide 2
Contents
Mussel culture Netherlands
Import from Irish and Celtic Seas
Exotic species
Risk assessment
Conclusions
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 3
Mussel culture in the Netherlands
Percelen WS
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 4
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 5
Fluctuating resources
Wild musselstock in the sublitoral parts of
the Waddensea during Spring
80
60
40
20
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
106 kilo fresh
100
year
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 6
19
52
19 /195
54 3
19 /195
56 5
19 /195
58 7
19 /195
60 9
19 /196
62 1
19 /196
64 3
/
19 196
66 5
19 /196
68 7
19 /196
70 9
19 /197
72 1
19 /197
74 3
19 /197
76 5
19 /197
78 7
19 /197
80 9
19 /198
82 1
19 /198
84 3
19 /198
86 5
19 /198
88 7
19 /198
90 9
/
19 199
92 1
19 /199
94 3
19 /199
96 5
19 /199
98 7
20 /199
00 9
20 /200
02 1
20 /200
04 3
/2
00
5
metric ton year
-1
Import of mussels to fulfill needs
T otal mussel production in the Netherlands
180000
160000
140000
Import
120000
Netherlands
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Year
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 7
Import from Irish and Celtic seas
Import from various
locations in Western
European waters
Annual import 2002-2006
24 500 ton total
13 800 ton from Irish and
Celtic Seas
O ther
W ales
G ermany
E ngland
N- I reland
D enmark
I reland
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 8
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 9
Import from Irish and Celtic seas
Transport in big bags on
conditioned trucks
25 - 50 hrs out of the
water
Juveniles (20%)
→directly on culture plots
#
Y e rse ke
Consumption (80%)
Natural watering sites
Containers
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 10
Exotic species
With import of mussels risk of introducing exotic species into
the Oosterschelde
Exotic species could potentially effect functioning of the
Oosterschelde ecosystem (Special Area of Conservation)
Once introduced, it is very difficult/impossible to
control/remove
Examples: Crepidula fornicata (1929), Crasostrea gigas
(1964)
Legislation through permits
Risk analysis
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 11
Import exotic species through shellfish transfer
Exotic species
NE Atlantic
shelf region
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 12
Introduction of exotic species in the Oosterschelde
12
8
6
4
2
20
01
-0
5
19
91
-9
5
19
81
-8
5
19
71
-7
5
19
61
-6
5
19
51
-5
5
19
41
-4
5
19
31
-3
5
19
21
-2
5
19
11
-1
5
0
19
01
-0
5
# species
10
Last decade: 1.7 new species year-1
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 13
Introduction of new NE-Atlantic species in the
Oosterschelde
40
30
25
20
15
10
5
20
01
-0
5
19
91
-9
5
19
81
-8
5
19
71
-7
5
19
61
-6
5
19
51
-5
5
19
41
-4
5
19
31
-3
5
19
21
-2
5
19
11
-1
5
0
19
01
-0
5
# species
35
Last decade: 5.3 new species year-1
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 14
Increasing introductions into Oosterschelde
More transportation (ships, shellfish)
More and better observations (recreational divers)
Changing climate
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 15
Target species
Risk analysis
Exotics
Irish/Celtic
Sea
Targetxspecies
Chance of
successful
introduction
Ecological
impact
=
Risk
Exotics
Oosterschelde
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Selection Target
species
Introduction
capacity
impact
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 16
Results Risk Analysis
Oosterschelde 69 exotic species (this study)
74 exotic species in Irish and British marine
waters (Minchin and Eno, 2002)
22 species unknown for the Oosterschelde
(target species)
14 species could permanently establish
permanent populations in the Oosterschelde
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 17
Results Risk Analysis
3 of the target species are known as pest
species (Alexandrium tamarense, Karenia
mikimotoi, Urosalpinx cinerea)
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 18
Conclusions/Recommendations
Risk of introducing harmful exotic species into the
Oosterschelde is low but not absent
Develop a risk management programme
Further research on A. tamarense, K. mikimotoi and
U. cinerea
Monitor development of exotic species in Ireland and
UK
Monitor species composition of the import
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 19
Wageningen IMARES
Contributers to this study
E. Brummelhuis; K. Kaag; C. Karman, E. Foekema (IMARES, The Netherlands)
H. Hummel (NIOO-CEME, The Netherlands)
R. Wenne, T. Kijewski, M. Zbawicka (Institute of Oceanology PAS Sopot, Poland)
R. Seed, J. Bussell, L. Oliver (SOC, Univ. Wales Bangor)
M. de Kluijver (Grontmij | AquaSense, The Netherlands)
F. O’Beirn (Marine Institute, Galway Ireland)
© Wageningen UR
Wageningen IMARES is een samenwerkingsverband
tussen Wageningen UR en TNO
Slide 20
Import from Irish and Celtic seas
25
20
6
Import (10 kg)
Season '05/'06
5.0
15
Tare
Mussels
10
5
16.4
1.3
4.1
0
Consumption
Juveniles
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 21
Import exotic species through shellfish transfer
Exotic species
NE Atlantic
shelf region
NE Atlantic
shelf species
Wageningen IMARES
Wageningen IMARES
Risk analysis mussels transfer
Jeroen Wijsman, Aad Smaal
Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, The Netherlands
ICSR’06 Charleston
Wageningen IMARES is een samenwerkingsverband
tussen Wageningen UR en TNO
Slide 2
Contents
Mussel culture Netherlands
Import from Irish and Celtic Seas
Exotic species
Risk assessment
Conclusions
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 3
Mussel culture in the Netherlands
Percelen WS
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 4
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 5
Fluctuating resources
Wild musselstock in the sublitoral parts of
the Waddensea during Spring
80
60
40
20
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
106 kilo fresh
100
year
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 6
19
52
19 /195
54 3
19 /195
56 5
19 /195
58 7
19 /195
60 9
19 /196
62 1
19 /196
64 3
/
19 196
66 5
19 /196
68 7
19 /196
70 9
19 /197
72 1
19 /197
74 3
19 /197
76 5
19 /197
78 7
19 /197
80 9
19 /198
82 1
19 /198
84 3
19 /198
86 5
19 /198
88 7
19 /198
90 9
/
19 199
92 1
19 /199
94 3
19 /199
96 5
19 /199
98 7
20 /199
00 9
20 /200
02 1
20 /200
04 3
/2
00
5
metric ton year
-1
Import of mussels to fulfill needs
T otal mussel production in the Netherlands
180000
160000
140000
Import
120000
Netherlands
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Year
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 7
Import from Irish and Celtic seas
Import from various
locations in Western
European waters
Annual import 2002-2006
24 500 ton total
13 800 ton from Irish and
Celtic Seas
O ther
W ales
G ermany
E ngland
N- I reland
D enmark
I reland
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 8
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 9
Import from Irish and Celtic seas
Transport in big bags on
conditioned trucks
25 - 50 hrs out of the
water
Juveniles (20%)
→directly on culture plots
#
Y e rse ke
Consumption (80%)
Natural watering sites
Containers
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 10
Exotic species
With import of mussels risk of introducing exotic species into
the Oosterschelde
Exotic species could potentially effect functioning of the
Oosterschelde ecosystem (Special Area of Conservation)
Once introduced, it is very difficult/impossible to
control/remove
Examples: Crepidula fornicata (1929), Crasostrea gigas
(1964)
Legislation through permits
Risk analysis
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 11
Import exotic species through shellfish transfer
Exotic species
NE Atlantic
shelf region
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 12
Introduction of exotic species in the Oosterschelde
12
8
6
4
2
20
01
-0
5
19
91
-9
5
19
81
-8
5
19
71
-7
5
19
61
-6
5
19
51
-5
5
19
41
-4
5
19
31
-3
5
19
21
-2
5
19
11
-1
5
0
19
01
-0
5
# species
10
Last decade: 1.7 new species year-1
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 13
Introduction of new NE-Atlantic species in the
Oosterschelde
40
30
25
20
15
10
5
20
01
-0
5
19
91
-9
5
19
81
-8
5
19
71
-7
5
19
61
-6
5
19
51
-5
5
19
41
-4
5
19
31
-3
5
19
21
-2
5
19
11
-1
5
0
19
01
-0
5
# species
35
Last decade: 5.3 new species year-1
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 14
Increasing introductions into Oosterschelde
More transportation (ships, shellfish)
More and better observations (recreational divers)
Changing climate
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 15
Target species
Risk analysis
Exotics
Irish/Celtic
Sea
Targetxspecies
Chance of
successful
introduction
Ecological
impact
=
Risk
Exotics
Oosterschelde
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Selection Target
species
Introduction
capacity
impact
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 16
Results Risk Analysis
Oosterschelde 69 exotic species (this study)
74 exotic species in Irish and British marine
waters (Minchin and Eno, 2002)
22 species unknown for the Oosterschelde
(target species)
14 species could permanently establish
permanent populations in the Oosterschelde
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 17
Results Risk Analysis
3 of the target species are known as pest
species (Alexandrium tamarense, Karenia
mikimotoi, Urosalpinx cinerea)
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 18
Conclusions/Recommendations
Risk of introducing harmful exotic species into the
Oosterschelde is low but not absent
Develop a risk management programme
Further research on A. tamarense, K. mikimotoi and
U. cinerea
Monitor development of exotic species in Ireland and
UK
Monitor species composition of the import
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 19
Wageningen IMARES
Contributers to this study
E. Brummelhuis; K. Kaag; C. Karman, E. Foekema (IMARES, The Netherlands)
H. Hummel (NIOO-CEME, The Netherlands)
R. Wenne, T. Kijewski, M. Zbawicka (Institute of Oceanology PAS Sopot, Poland)
R. Seed, J. Bussell, L. Oliver (SOC, Univ. Wales Bangor)
M. de Kluijver (Grontmij | AquaSense, The Netherlands)
F. O’Beirn (Marine Institute, Galway Ireland)
© Wageningen UR
Wageningen IMARES is een samenwerkingsverband
tussen Wageningen UR en TNO
Slide 20
Import from Irish and Celtic seas
25
20
6
Import (10 kg)
Season '05/'06
5.0
15
Tare
Mussels
10
5
16.4
1.3
4.1
0
Consumption
Juveniles
Wageningen IMARES
Slide 21
Import exotic species through shellfish transfer
Exotic species
NE Atlantic
shelf region
NE Atlantic
shelf species
Wageningen IMARES