Slide 1

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 2

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 3

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 4

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 5

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 6

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 7

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 8

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 9

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON


Slide 10

HOLT

CHAPTER 3

People, Places,
and Change

Wind, Climate,
and Natural Environments
Section 1: Winds and Ocean Currents
Section 2: Earth’s Climate and Vegetation
Section 3: Natural Environments

1

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How does the Sun’s energy change Earth?
 Why are wind and ocean currents important?

2

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

The Sun’s Energy:
 Affects weather and climate.
 Maintains Earth’s energy balance by replacing energy
lost into space.
 Is stored in Earth’s atmosphere by the greenhouse
effect.

3

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 1

HOLT

Winds and
Ocean Currents

People, Places,
and Change

Wind and currents:

 Move heat energy by moving air and water
 Keep different parts of the world from becoming too hot or
too cold

Air pressure is the weight of the air
 Warm air is lighter and rises and is replaced by cooler air
 Air pressure changes with the weather and creates wind

Ocean currents move in the same general
direction of the winds above them.
4

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 What is included in the study of weather?
 What are the major climate types, and what types of
plants live in each?

5

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

The Study of Weather
 Weather is the atmospheric condition of an area over
a short period of time.
 Weather can describe temperature, amount of
sunlight, air pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, and
moisture.
 Climate is the average weather in an area over a long
period of time.
6

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Section 2

Earth’s Climate
and Vegetation

HOLT

People, Places,
and Change

Major Climate types and their plant life
 Low-Latitude: tropical rainforests; areas of grass with
scattered trees and shrubs
 Dry: a few drought resistant plants; grasslands, few trees
 Middle-Latitude: scrub woodlands, grasslands; mixed forests;
temperate evergreen forests
 High Latitude: northern evergreen forests; moss, lichens, low
shrubs, permafrost marshes
 Highland: forest to tundra vegetation depending on elevation
7

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Objectives:
 How do environments affect life, and how do they
change?
 What substances make up the different layers of soil?

8

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Environmental Change and Life
 Ecology is the study of connections among different
forms of life
 Photosynthesis
 Food chain

 Environmental conditions limit life in that area.
 Plant and animal communities contribute to form
ecosystems.
 Plant succession—one group of plants gradually
replaces another due to natural or human forces
9

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT

Section 3

Natural Environments

People, Places,
and Change

Soil Layers
 Topsoil—humus, insects, plants
 Subsoil—deep roots of certain plants and trees
 Broken rock—gradually breaks down and add
nutrients to the soil

10

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON