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welcome
Submitted by:- Joshi Aditi
Reg.No:-12-00051-2012

Submitted to:- Dr. Anurag yadav


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Airborne Pathogens and
Respirator Use


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Airborne Pathogens
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Tuberculosis
Influenza
Avian Influenza
SARS


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What is tuberculosis (TB)?
Disease caused by bacteria called

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Chronic bacterial infection
Was once the leading cause of death in US
The number of cases declined in the 1940’s
when drugs were developed to treat TB
TB is still a problem worldwide (NIAID)
8 million people develop TB yearly
3 million die


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How is TB spread?
Through the air from person to
person by coughing
Usually attacks lungs
Two stages
Latent TB

• asymptomatic and not contagious
• can take medication to prevent development of disease

Active TB Disease

• May spread to others
• May have abnormal chest x-ray
• Usually have positive skin test


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Symptoms of TB
Chills
Fever
Weakness or fatigue
Sweating while sleeping, Night sweats
Cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks
Pain in chest
Coughing up blood or sputum


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Influenza
“I had a little bird,
His name was Enza,
I opened the window and in flew Enza.”
-Children’s nursery rhyme about the
flu epidemic of 1918


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What is influenza (“the flu”)?
Disease caused by a virus
Respiratory
More severe than a cold
10%-20% of US residents will
get the flu each year (CDC)
Can lead to complications for some people
36,000 people die each year from
complications (CDC)


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Types of influenza virus
Influenza A
Most common and most serious
Can lead to epidemics

Influenza B
Can also cause epidemics
Symptoms are milder

Influenza C
Never connected with large epidemics


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How is influenza spread?
Flu season is from November to March
Respiratory droplets
Coughing
Sneezing
Droplets on objects

Contagious from 1 day before
symptoms start to 7 days after
symptoms start (CDC)


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Symptoms
Cough and congestion
Fever
Headache
Body Aches
General malaise
Sore throat


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Avian Influenza
February 2004: 72,000
chickens were slaughtered in
Delaware after two cases of
Avian Influenza were found at
a poultry farm under contract
for Perdue Farms, Inc.


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What is Avian Influenza?
Influenza virus that can infect
birds and humans
Type A influenza
3 Type A viruses and each have 9 subtypes
H5: can be high or low pathogenic; can cause
severe illness or death
H7: can be high or low pathogenic; infections are
rare and symptoms are mild
H9: low pathogenic; very rare in humans


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Symptoms
Same as typical flu-like symptoms
Conjunctivitis
Pneumonia
Severe respiratory
distress


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SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome
The 2003 global SARS outbreak led to
over 8,000 people becoming ill, and 774
deaths. It is estimated the panic caused by
the disease cost Canada $1 billion in lost
tourism and all of Asia over $28 billion.
(BBC News)


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What is SARS?
Center for Disease Control Definition
SARS is a respiratory illness of unknown etiology. It
was first identified in February 2003.
SARS was first noticed in Southeast Asia. To date
more than 100 cases have been reported in the
United States
Public health experts think that SARS is spread by
close contact between people


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Symptoms of SARS
Fever or hot to touch
AND
Cough
AND
Clinical findings of
respiratory distress
AND
Travel within 10 days to an area with suspected
community transmission
OR
Close contact within 10 days with a person with a
respiratory illness or someone sick from SARS


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