Slide 1

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 2

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 3

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 4

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 5

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 6

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 7

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 8

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 9

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 10

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 11

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 12

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 13

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 14

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 15

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 16

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 17

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 18

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon


Slide 19

Renewable and non
renowable energy:

1.Renovable energy:
• RENEWABLE ENERGY : Is generally defined energy that comes
from resources which are natural replenished on a human
timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and
geothermal heat.
• Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct
areas: electricity generation,hot water/space heating, motor
fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services.

2.HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY:
2.1 Ways of obtaining hydroelectric energy:
• Conventional (dams) :
Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving
a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water depends on
the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the water's
outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential
energy in water is proportional to the head. A large pipe (the “penstock") delivers
water to the turbine.
• Pumped-storage:
This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water
between reservoirs at different elevations. At times of low electrical demand,
excess generation capacity is used to pump water into the higher reservoir. When
there is higher demand, water is released back into the lower reservoir through a
turbine. Pumped-storage schemes currently provide the most commercially
important means of large-scale grid energy storage and improve the daily capacity
factor of the generation system. Pumped storage is not an energy source, and
appears as a negative number in listings.[

• Run-of-the-river:
Run-of-the-river hydroelectric stations are those with small or no reservoir capacity, so
that the water coming from upstream must be used for generation at that
moment, or must be allowed to bypass the dam. In the United States, run of the
river hydropower could potentially provide 60,000 MW (about 13.7% of total use
in 2011 if continuously available).
• Tide:
A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides;
such sources are highly predictable, and if conditions permit construction of
reservoirs, can also be dispatchable to generate power during high demand
periods. Less common types of hydro schemes use water's kinetic energy or
undammed sources such as undershot waterwheels. Tidal power is viable in a
relatively small number of locations around the world. In Great Britain, there are
eight sites that could be developed, which have the potential to generate 20% of
the electricity used in 2012.
• Underground:
An underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between
two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. An underground tunnel is
constructed to take water from the high reservoir to the generating hall built in an
underground cavern near the lowest point of the water tunnel and a horizontal
tailrace taking water away to the lower outlet waterway.

2.2 Advantages:
•
•
•
•
•

Flexibility.
Low power costs.
Suitability for industrial applications.
Reduced CO2 emissions.
Other uses of the reservoir.

2.3 Disadvanges:
•
•
•
•

Ecosystem damage and loss of land.
Siltation and flow shortage.
Methane emissions (from reservoirs).
Relocation.

3. WIND POWER:
3.1 Wind power is the conversion
of wind energy into a useful form of energy,
such as using wind turbines to make electrical
power, windmills for mechanical
power, windpumps for water
pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

3.2 Environmental effects:
• Compared to the environmental impact of traditional energy sources, the
environmental impact of wind power is relatively minor in terms of
pollution. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution,
unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture
and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to
the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. While a wind
farm may cover a large area of land, many land uses such as agriculture
are compatible, with only small areas of turbine foundations and
infrastructure made unavailable for use.

• There are reports of bird and bat mortality at wind turbines as there are
around other artificial structures. The scale of the ecological impact
may[ or may not be significant, depending on specific circumstances.
Although many artificial structures can kill birds, wind power has a
disproportionate effect on certain endangered bird species.An especially
vulnerable group are raptors, which are slow to reproduce and favor the
high wind speed corridors that wind turbine companies build turbines in,
to maximize energy production. Although they have a negligible effect on
most birds, in some locations there is a disproportionate effects on some
birds of conservation concern, such as the golden eagle and raptor
species.

• However, a large meta-analysis of 616 individual studies on electricity
production and its effects on avian mortality concluded that the most
visible impacts of wind technology are not necessarily the most flagrant
ones, as:

• “Wind turbines seem to present a significant threat as all their negative
externalities are concentrated in one place, while those from conventional
and nuclear fuel cycles are spread out across space and time. Avian
mortality and wind energy has consequently received far more attention
and research than the avian deaths associated with coal, oil, natural gas
and nuclear power generators [although] study suggests that wind energy
may be the least harmful to birds.
• ”Prevention and mitigation of wildlife fatalities, and protection of peat
bogs affect the siting and operation of wind turbines.
• There are anecdotal reports of negative effects from noise on people who
live very close to wind turbines. Peer-reviewed research has generally not
supported these statements.

4. NON RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Nuclear power:
• Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Benjamin K.
Sovacool has reported that worldwide there have been 99 accidents at
nuclear power plants. Fifty-seven accidents have occurred since the
Chernobyl disaster, and 57% (56 out of 99) of all nuclear-related accidents
have occurred in the USA.
• Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl accident (1986) with
approximately 60 deaths so far attributed to the accident and a predicted,
eventual total death toll, of from 4000 to 25,000 latent cancers deaths.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), has not caused any
radiation related deaths, with a predicted, eventual total death toll, of
from 0 to 1000, and the Three Mile Island accident (1979),
no causal deaths, cancer or otherwise, have been found in follow up
studies of this accident Nuclear-powered submarine mishaps include
the K-19 reactor accident (1961), the K-27 reactor accident (1968), and
the K-431 reactor accident (1985). International research is continuing into
safety improvements such as passively safe plants, and the possible future
use of nuclear fusion.

• In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, nuclear power has
caused fewer accidental deaths per unit of energy generated than all
other major sources of energy generation. Energy produced
by coal, petroleum, natural gas and hydropower has caused more deaths
per unit of energy generated, from air pollution and energy accidents. This
is found in the following comparisons, when the immediate nuclear
related deaths from accidents are compared to the immediate deaths
from these other energy sources when the latent, or predicted, indirect
cancer deaths from nuclear energy accidents are compared to the
immediate deaths from the above energy sources,[and when the
combined immediate and indirect fatalities from nuclear power and all
fossil fuels are compared, fatalities resulting from the mining of the
necessary natural resources to power generation and to air pollution. With
these data, the use of nuclear power has been calculated to have
prevented a considerable number of fatalities, by reducing the proportion
of energy that would otherwise have been generated by fossil fuels, and is
projected to continue to do so.

5. Fossil Fuel:
5.1 Fossil energy : is that one that comes from the
obtained biomass does million years and that has
suffered big processes of transformation up to the
formation of substances of great energetic content as
the coal, the oil, or the natural gas, etc. It is not a
type of renewable energy, by what it is not
considered to be an energy of the biomass, but it is
included between the fossil energies.

5.2 Types:
• Oil: The oil is an oily liquid consisted of carbon and hydrogen in
different proportions. One thinks in depths that they change
between the 600 and 5.000 meters.
• Coal: The coal is a mineral that was formed from the vegetable
prehistoric remains, principally of the tree-shaped ferns.
• Natural gas: The natural gas is composed principally by methane, a
compound made chemist of atoms of carbon and hydrogen. He is
under land, habitually in company of oil. It is extracted by means of
pipelines, and is stored directly in big containers of aluminium. Then
the users are distributed across gas pipelines. Since it is odourless
and colorless, on having extracted it it is mixed by a substance that
gives him a strong and disagreeable smell. Thus, the persons can
realize that a filtration or gas leak exists.

5.3 Advantages:
They are easy to extract (only if it is an extraction to opened sky, yes it is an extraction
in gallery
His great availability is very costly, depending on the country.
They are cheap, in comparison with other sources of energy.

5.4 Disadvantages:
His use produces the gas emission that they turn out to be toxic for the
life.
A depletion of the reservations takes place to short or medium term.
Used they contaminate the being more than other products than they
might have used in his place.

Group opinion:
• We should demand from the governments and
from the energetic companies that we want to
consume energy proceeding from renewable
energies. We should not consent the use of
DIRTY ENERGIES that damage the environment
and generate unequality, that contaminate our
atmosphere
• NO TO OIL!
• NO TO COAL!
• NO TO PETROL!

Made by:
•
•
•
•
•

Patricia Abolafio Jiménez
Amin Bouhaik Bouhoussaine
Belinda López
Sonia Rosell Molina
Dara Neylon