Theories of CMC Deficit Approaches and Models – Impersonal Perspective Social Presence Theory Social Context Cues Theory Cuelessness Model Media Richness.
Download ReportTranscript Theories of CMC Deficit Approaches and Models – Impersonal Perspective Social Presence Theory Social Context Cues Theory Cuelessness Model Media Richness.
Slide 1
Theories of CMC
Slide 2
Deficit Approaches and Models –
Impersonal Perspective
Social Presence Theory
Social Context Cues Theory
Cuelessness Model
Media Richness Model
Slide 3
Response to Deficit/Impersonal
SIDE Model
SIP Model
Slide 4
Social Presence Theory
Degree to which we as individuals perceive
another as a real person and any
interaction between the two as a
relationship
Different media convey different degrees of
perceived substance to an interaction
Internet not functional alternative to FtF –
rather specialized channel
People prefer FtF to meet most
communication needs
Slide 5
Social Context Cues Theory
Social context cues are indicators of
appropriate behavior.
Some social cues include geographic,
organizational, and situational
variables.
Lack of social cues affects on the
nature of human behavior in
mediated contexts (Wood and Smith
81).
Slide 6
Cuelessness Model
Absence of all nonverbal cues and
identity markers (e.g., status,
occupational role)
Psychological distance increases
resulting in more impersonal
communication
(Criticism) High in cuelessness can
still be psychologically close (Thurlow,
Lengel, and Tomic 49)
Slide 7
Media Richness Model
Richness determined by:
Bandwidth or ability to transmit multiple
cues
Ability to give immediate feedback
Ability to support the use of natural or
conversational language
Its personal focus (Thurlow 49)
More complex the task the richer the
medium necessary (rich medium =
telephone or FtF communication)
Slide 8
Reduced Social Cues (RSC) Model
Reduced social cues makes
interactions between people much
more difficult to manage
Conversation becomes less fluid, less
easily regulated and more effortful
(Thurlow 61)
CMC undermines social norms and
influences (Thurlow 61)
Slide 9
SIDE Model
Social identification/deindividuation
People online rely even more on
group-based discriminators.
Users adopt norms (accepted social
behaviors).
Anonymity fosters stronger “SIDE”
effects toward group mentality.
Anonymity encourages stronger selfcategorization.
Slide 10
Social Information Processing
Model (SIP)
Need for social bonding is the same in
CMC as it is in FtF communication
(communication imperative)
People can compensate for loss of
non-verbal cues in CMC.
Relational and contextual factors can
enhance interpersonal nature of CMC
(Thurlow 51)
Slide 11
Social Influence Model
Media use results from negotiation
between features of medium and
social conditions (Wood and Smith
97)
Example: flaming – both behavior
and interpretation of behavior
Slide 12
Thurlow, Crispin, Lengel, Laura, and Tomic, Alice.
Computer Mediated Communication: Social Interaction
and the Internet. Sage Publications, 2005.
Wood, Andrew F. and Matthew J. Smith. Online
Communication: Linking Technology, Identity, and
Culture. Second Edition. Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, 2005.
Chapter 4, “Relating Online” (78-100)
Theories of CMC
Slide 2
Deficit Approaches and Models –
Impersonal Perspective
Social Presence Theory
Social Context Cues Theory
Cuelessness Model
Media Richness Model
Slide 3
Response to Deficit/Impersonal
SIDE Model
SIP Model
Slide 4
Social Presence Theory
Degree to which we as individuals perceive
another as a real person and any
interaction between the two as a
relationship
Different media convey different degrees of
perceived substance to an interaction
Internet not functional alternative to FtF –
rather specialized channel
People prefer FtF to meet most
communication needs
Slide 5
Social Context Cues Theory
Social context cues are indicators of
appropriate behavior.
Some social cues include geographic,
organizational, and situational
variables.
Lack of social cues affects on the
nature of human behavior in
mediated contexts (Wood and Smith
81).
Slide 6
Cuelessness Model
Absence of all nonverbal cues and
identity markers (e.g., status,
occupational role)
Psychological distance increases
resulting in more impersonal
communication
(Criticism) High in cuelessness can
still be psychologically close (Thurlow,
Lengel, and Tomic 49)
Slide 7
Media Richness Model
Richness determined by:
Bandwidth or ability to transmit multiple
cues
Ability to give immediate feedback
Ability to support the use of natural or
conversational language
Its personal focus (Thurlow 49)
More complex the task the richer the
medium necessary (rich medium =
telephone or FtF communication)
Slide 8
Reduced Social Cues (RSC) Model
Reduced social cues makes
interactions between people much
more difficult to manage
Conversation becomes less fluid, less
easily regulated and more effortful
(Thurlow 61)
CMC undermines social norms and
influences (Thurlow 61)
Slide 9
SIDE Model
Social identification/deindividuation
People online rely even more on
group-based discriminators.
Users adopt norms (accepted social
behaviors).
Anonymity fosters stronger “SIDE”
effects toward group mentality.
Anonymity encourages stronger selfcategorization.
Slide 10
Social Information Processing
Model (SIP)
Need for social bonding is the same in
CMC as it is in FtF communication
(communication imperative)
People can compensate for loss of
non-verbal cues in CMC.
Relational and contextual factors can
enhance interpersonal nature of CMC
(Thurlow 51)
Slide 11
Social Influence Model
Media use results from negotiation
between features of medium and
social conditions (Wood and Smith
97)
Example: flaming – both behavior
and interpretation of behavior
Slide 12
Thurlow, Crispin, Lengel, Laura, and Tomic, Alice.
Computer Mediated Communication: Social Interaction
and the Internet. Sage Publications, 2005.
Wood, Andrew F. and Matthew J. Smith. Online
Communication: Linking Technology, Identity, and
Culture. Second Edition. Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, 2005.
Chapter 4, “Relating Online” (78-100)