Transcript Ch. 26 – Energy Resources •Where does energy come from? •Sun •Video - Energy •Humans have the ability to alter the environment to meet their.

Ch. 26 – Energy Resources
•Where does energy come from?
•Sun
•Video - Energy
•Humans have the ability to alter the environment to meet
their needs.
•Examples: AC & Heat
•To produce heat, AC, or power fuels are needed.
•The earliest uses of fuels were natural fires (lightening).
•Traditional fuels include wood, dried field crops, dried fecal
material.
•The total amount of living things in an ecosystem is its
biomass. Biomass fuels are derived from living things.
•Video – Earth & Energy
• Wood is the primary source of energy for
more than half the world’s population.
• Only 4% of the U.S. population uses wood
as a primary source of energy. However, 1.5
billion people throughout the world use
wood as a primary source of energy.
• Deforestation is a problem because of this.
• Field crops for heat is becoming more
common. Corn burning stoves.
• Villagers from India, Pakistan, Afghanistan
collect animal feces for fuel and dry it on the
outside walls of their stables. Pg. 685.
• Peat – a spongy mass of dead and partially
decayed plant material that builds up in bogs.
• Peat is burned with more efficiency than wood.
• Fossil fuels – energy sources that formed over
geologic time as a result of the compression and
partial decomposition of plants and other organic
matter.
• These are nonrenewable because they take
thousands of years to form.
• Examples: Peat, coal, natural gas, petroleum.
• Most countries rely on these fossil fuels for
electricity from power plants and fuel for vehicles.
• Coal changes forms: PeatLigniteBituminous
coalAnthracite
• These changes are due to an increase in heat and
pressure.
• Most of the coal burnt is bituminous coal.
• Petroleum is Greek for “rock oil”.
• Crude oil is pumped out of the ground and refined
into a wide variety of petroleum products
(gasoline and kerosene).
• Crude oil and natural gas migrate sideways and
upward from their place of formation through
pores of sedimentary rock.
• They continue to rise until they reach an
impermeable layer of sedimentary rock.
• Geologist now use remote sensors,
magnetometers, and seismographic equipment
that create subsurface maps.
Alternative Energy Resources
• It is estimated that petroleum resources may be used up in
the next 60 years.
• Alternative energy resources are being studied for uses,
these include solar energy, wind, water, geothermal
energy, and biomass.
– Video – Alternative Energies
• Wind energy converts wind energy into mechanical energy
with the use of wind turbines.
• It is estimated that wind power could supply more than
10% of the world’s energy by 2050. Most of the wind farms
are in California.
• http://www.res-americas.com/
• http://www.tradewindenergy.com/
– http://www.awea.org/resources/awealinks.html
– FHSU SITE
– Wind Problems
• Hydroelectric Power – use of a flow of water to
produce electricity.
• Fig. 26-12 (Niagara Falls). Large turbines spin as
water falls over them to create electricity. Dams
can also be used is a similar fashion to produce
electricity.
• This provides 20% of the world’s electricity and is
continuing to grow.
• Geothermal energy – energy produced by natural
occurring steam and hot water.
• Old Faithful produces tall fountains of steam and
hot water. Water is trapped underground in
fractures or in porous rock that is heated by the
Earth’s internal heat. This escapes through
cracks in the Earth’s crust.
• Nuclear Fission is to process in which a
heavy nucleus divides to form smaller
nuclei and1 or 2 neutrons.
• After 50 years of development nuclear
energy is only producing 17% of the world’s
energy. No new nuclear plants have been
built in the U.S. since 1978.
• This is due to poor management, poor
designs, high operating costs, and concerns
about disposal of waste.
• Chernobyl and Three Mile Island are
examples of accidents with nuclear power
plants, which can leave major problems.
• Biomass fuels includes wood, dried field
crops, and dried fecal materials.
• Cottonwood trees can be burned and
converted into gas or fermented into alcohol
fuel.
• The disadvantage is the release of carbon
dioxide when burnt.
• Biogas is a mixture of gases that includes
50 to 70% methane gas and 30-48% carbon
dioxide gas. Plant and animal wastes can
be converted into methane gas in simple
containers called digesters.
• China uses individual digesters in
households for cooking.
• Liquid ethanol  grain alcohol comes from
corn, sorghum, sugar cane, and sugar
beets.
• Gasohol is the mixture of ethanol with
gasoline. This reduce the dependency on
foreign petroleum.
• Video – fuel cells
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsJAlrYj
Gz8 – electric cars
• Passive Solar Heating – the use of windows or solar
absorbent material to capture solar energy. Example –
south facing windows.
• Active Solar Heating – use collectors such as solar panels
that absorb solar energy and fans or pumps that distribute
energy throughout the house.
• Solar collectors on the roof of a house can heat water up to
149° F (wash dishes an clothes).
• Solar cookers are being used to cook food by directing
light on a given area. Fig. 26-10 pg. 691.
• Photovoltaic cells – is used to covert solar energy into
electrical energy.
• They use thin, transparent wafers of boron and
phosphorous rich silicon. As sun hits the cell electrons
are released as a flow of electricity and stored in batteries.
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/solar/
• http://solartradingpost.com/calculateB.php
• http://www.547artscenter.org/
Conservation of Energy Resources
• Fig.26-18 (pg. 698) – Industrialized vs. Developing
Countries
– Use of Renewable vs. Nonrenewable
• Energy efficiency is the use of energy resources in
ways that are most productive.
• Methods: 1. recycle old appliances and vehicles
and purchase newer energy-efficient models. 2.
add more insulation, solar panels, windows to
homes. 3. power companies can use more
alternative resources. 4. the government can
provide tax savings to people who buy energyefficient products.
• Video – conservation
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLBE5QAYXp8
– story of stuff
• A high demand for energy causes the price of
electricity (energy) to rise.
• Electricity used in homes is wasteful. 43% of the
energy used to run a vehicle and to heat a home is
wasted.
• Replacing an incandescent light bulb with a
compact fluorescent light bulb will save the
consumer $35 to $50 in 10 years. Replacing 25
incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent would
save the consumer $87 to $125 a year in
electricity.
• This would save businesses billions of dollars per
year in electricity.
• This would also decrease the use of fossil fuels
and greenhouse gases.
• Cogeneration is the production of 2 usable forms
of energy at the same time from the same process.
• The use of hybrid cars and the development of
hydrogen cars will lower the production of
petroleum.
• Metropolitan areas are using more public
transportations systems and car pooling.
• Industries can cut down on packaging to reduce
solid wastes. Biodegradable products.
• Better insulation, weather-stripping, and caulking
older windows can help with energy-efficiency.
• Sustainable energy – the global management of
Earth’s natural resources to meet current and
future energy needs without causing
environmental damage.
• Video - conservation