T

URN

-

TAKING

M

ECHANISM

Drs. Liliek Soepriatmadji, M.Pd.

Drs. Liliek Soepriatmadji, M.Pd. © 2008 LS

T

HE

 O

RGANIZATION OF TURN TAKING

Turn taking: allocating the right to participate in an exchange.

 Used for:      Ordering moves in games Allocating political offices Regulating traffic at intersections Serving customers at business establishments Talking in speech exchange, such as:  Interviews  Meetings  Debates  Ceremonies  Conversation

Drs. Liliek Soepriatmadji, M.Pd. © 2008 LS

C

OMPONENTS OF

 TT

Turn constructional components

    Sentential Clausal Phrasal Lexical constructions 

Turn allocation components

 Selection of speaker (next speaker, self)

Drs. Liliek Soepriatmadji, M.Pd. © 2008 LS

S

EQUENCE ORGANIZATION IN

 TT Adjacency Pairs: responsive pairs in sequence of turns  It’s hot today. – It is.  Pre-sequences: preliminary pair of turns  

Guess what! – What?

What are you doing? – Nothing.  Pre-closing  Closing

Drs. Liliek Soepriatmadji, M.Pd. © 2008 LS

M

ODEL OF

 TT locally managed (turn by turn basis, thus: single comprehensive, exclusive, serial transition at a time, the single turn allocates next turn)    party administered (contribution of other parties) interactionally controlled stoppable, transition) (minimal size, expansion, sensitive to recipient design (multitude of respect related to selection of topic, word selection, admissibility, ordering of sequence, option and obligation for starting and terminating conversation)

Drs. Liliek Soepriatmadji, M.Pd. © 2008 LS

I NDICATORS OF TURN IN TWO PARTY CONVERSATION  Sentence completion:  Pause  Turn allocation mechanism    Select speaker Repeat Temporal regulators (chuckle): uhm, yih know, right   Speech particle: uh, oh Repair: deals with problem in speaking, hearing or understanding   Self repair Repair other

Drs. Liliek Soepriatmadji, M.Pd. © 2008 LS

F

ACTS OF SPEECH EXCHANGE

 Speaker change recurs            Speakers talk at a time may occur Transition overlaps Turn order varies Turn size varies Length of conversation is not specified Relative distribution of turn is not specified Number of parties vary Talk can be continuous or discontinuous Turn allocation techniques (select others or self select) apply (adjacency pairs) Turn constructional units vary (one word or sentences) Repair mechanism exists due to turn taking errors and violations