Transcript The Beginning of Civilization: EARLY AGRICULTURE Chapter Two Section One Where are we? 10,000 BC 8,000 BC Last Ice Age Ends Grow their own crops Birth of Farming • 12,000

The Beginning of Civilization:
EARLY AGRICULTURE
Chapter Two
Section One
Where are we?
10,000 BC
8,000 BC
Last Ice Age Ends
Grow their own crops
Birth of Farming
• 12,000 years ago
– Ice Age ends
– Start of global warming
• Ocean levels rise
• Adaptations
– Fir trees spread north
– Large ice age animals
• Some die out
What might happen if Earth
begins to grow colder or warmer?
Modifying the Environment
• Search for new food
– Smaller animals to hunt
– More fishing
• Modify environment to get food
– Clear trees and brush
– New plants = new animals
Domesticating Plants and Animals
• Change the behavior of a population of
animals or plants in ways that are useful
for humans
• This marks the birth of farming
• Selected seeds of best crops
– Better food
• Make more useful
– Wild tomato
– Size of animals
Why do you think a shepherd must
watch over domesticated sheep as
they graze?
First Centers of Agriculture
• Middle east
–10,000 years ago
–Found seeds from domesticated
wheat
• Spread into Africa, Europe and
Indus River Valley
• Farming in different areas
Wheat and
Barley
Asia
North
America
Africa
Rice
South
America
Maize
Australia
Millet
Sorghum and Yams
Farming as a Lifestyle
• Early People could be….
– Nomadic hunter-gatherer
– Farmer
• Cost of Farming
– Time and energy
• Plant, herd
– Risky
• Crops could fail
– Dangerous
Why do you think that
different crops and
animals were
domesticated in a
different parts of the
world?
Farming as a Lifestyle
• Benefits
– More food
– Less land (didn’t have to search)
• 25 acres = food for year
• Hunters needed 20,000 acres
– Permanent residence
• Villages
• Mud and straw homes
– Clothing
• Fibers from animals and plants for
cloth
Chart it Out!!!
Benefits of Farming
Disadvantages of Farming
Why do you think some people
chose to remain hunter-gatherers
rather than become farmers?
Farming Changes Life
• Nomads began to stop wandering
• Learned to plan for harvest
• Neolithic agricultural revolution
– Change in ways of thinking working or living
New Shelters
• Not moving…….need a place to live
– Permanent home
– Belongings
• Çatalhüyük
– Oldest farming settlement
– Present day turkey
– 8,000 years ago
– 2-story houses
• Rooftops for street
Surpluses and Specialization
• Crops and Herds Grew
• Surplus grows
– More than you need
• Farmers got to take a break
– Learn new things
– Specialize
• Craft
• Trade goods for surplus food
• Toolmakers, potters, weavers,
metalworkers