Conditionals; Other Ways to Express Unreality Experiences of an International Traveler Focus on Grammar 5 Part IX, Unit 23 By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells Copyright.
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9 Conditionals; Other Ways to Express Unreality Experiences of an International Traveler Focus on Grammar 5 Part IX, Unit 23 By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells Copyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Tired Traveler I wish I could brush my teeth right now. If I had more money, I would stay at better hotels. If only I had found a taxi. If the airport hadn’t lost my luggage, I wouldn’t have been delayed. Real Conditionals Real conditionals are sentences that describe situations that occur regularly or are likely or possible in the future. InInpresent-time future-time situations, use the simple present in the both if clause clausesand to the describe futurehabitual with will or or beregularly going to in occurring the result actions. clause. If we don’t get to the station on time, If I don’t put the train will leave without us. sunscreen on, I get a bad sunburn. Unreal Conditionals Unreal conditionals are sentences that describe situations that are untrue, unlikely, or impossible in the present or the past. In present-time situations, use the simple past in the if clause and would, could, or might plus the base form of the verb in the result clause. She doesn’t have enough money and she won’t visit Paris. If I had enough money, I would visit Paris. Present Unreal Conditionals Use the simple past in the if clause. If the verb is be, use were for all persons. Use could, might, or would + base form in the result clause. Where’s my wallet? If I were a better planner I wouldn’t travel without a map. If he were more careful, he would He notice didn’t that travelhis withwallet a was missing. map, so he got lost. Past Unreal Conditionals Use the past unreal conditional for past unreal, untrue, imagined, or impossible conditions and their unreal results. Use the past perfect in the if clause. Use could, might, or would + have + past participle in the result clause. Where’s my wallet? If I had looked at a map, I wouldn’t have gotten lost. If he had been more careful, he might have noticed He didn’t look at a map,his walletsowas missing. he got lost. Look at the chart and complete the conditionals with your own ideas. Practice 1 Real Unreal Past Unreal If + past perfect If + simple past If + simple present If + simple present AND AND simple present will + base form verb AND AND would/could/might would/could/might + have + base form verb + past participle verb 1. If I visit Europe, … Examples: … , enough I might not have… sick. to Asia. If2. I had money, I gotten would travel If weenough took an money, airplane,… If3. I have … I will travel to Asia. If wehad hada made reservations, …have traveled to Asia. If4. I had lot of money,… I would 5. … , I would learn Russian. Wish 1 Use wish + could / would + base form to express a wish about the future. I wish that baby would stop crying. This is what he wants, but he is not sure if the baby will change his behavior. Wish 2 Use wish + the simple past to express a wish about the present. I wish I caught an earlier flight. I wish I had more leg room. Wish 3 Use wish + the past perfect to express a wish about the past. The man ate the airplane food. I wish I hadn’t eaten that airplane food. Hope and Wish Don’t confuse hope and wish. I hope I get to the plane on time. Use hope to express a desire about events that are possible or probable. I wish (that) I didn’t have so much luggage. Use wish to express regrets about things that are unlikely or impossible to change. If Only If only can also be used to express wishes. If only they wouldn’t leave me here for the rest of my life. Present If only they could see me. Future Use the pictures to make statements using wish and if only. Make statements about the present, future, and past. Practice 2 Example: I wish I could take the bus. If only I’d make my flight. 1. 2. 3. References Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.