Transcript معالجة المياه WATER TREATMENT By Chemist Ayman Awny RESAT EGYPT WATER TREATMENT Website :www.resategypt.com Introduction Problems Of Water Treatment.

‫معالجة المياه‬
WATER TREATMENT
By Chemist Ayman Awny
RESAT EGYPT
WATER TREATMENT
Website :www.resategypt.com
Introduction
Problems Of Water Treatment. 
Water Treatment In Industry. 
Water Treatment In Hotels,Hospitals 
& Building.
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‫مشاكل المياه األساسية‬
1
1 Corrosion
2 Suspended Solid
3 Scale
4
2
4 Micro-Organism
3
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Topics of Discussion
Corrosion. 
Scale Formation. 
Suspended Solids. 
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Boiler Water Treatment 
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Problems in Boiler Systems
Corrosion

free carbon dioxide

oxygen
Deposits

hardness

organic matter

corrosion products
 Suspended Solids

corrosion product

scale product
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Topic One
‫التآكــــل‬
Corrosion
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Causes of Corrosion
Boiler Area



Insufficient oxygen removal in feed water
High pH value and alkalinity
Increase in suspended solids
Steam and Condensate Area

Formation of carbon dioxide

Insufficient oxygen removal in the feed water

Low pH-values
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‫التآكل‬
‫هو عملية تحول الحديد الي أحد أكاسيده مما يقلل العمر اإلفتراضي للمعدن طبقا‬
‫لهذه المعادالت‬
O2
WATER
OHO2
2+
Fe
Fe(OH)3
ELECTRON
FLOW
ANODE
ANODE REACTION
Fe° = Fe2+ + 2 e-
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CATHODE
CATHODE REACTION
½ O2 + H2 O + 2 e- = 2OH-

Causes of Corrosion
Fundamental Risks In Boiler Water
Standard
Corrosion Reaction

Fe -------->Fe ++ + 2 e -

2e- + 1/2 O2 ----->2 OH-

2e - + 2H+ ----->H2
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Causes of Corrosion
Fundamental Risks in Steam and
Condensate System
 Carbonic acid Behavior (corrosion)

inside boiler :
2(H CO3Na )------->Na2CO3 + CO2 + H20
Na2 CO3 + H2O -----> 2 NaOH + CO2

in condansate system :
H20 +CO2 --------> H+ + HCO3-
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‫أشكال التآكل‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫فى صورة تآكل سطحي‬
‫فى صورة نقر‪.‬‬
‫فى صورة تآكل منتظم‪.‬‬
‫في صورة شروخ‬
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Surface Corrosion + Sludge
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Corrosion in steam line
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Pitting corrosion
Pitting Corrosion Inside Boiler
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High pH Caustic corrosion
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Scheme of a Boiler System
Cooling Water
Condenser
Steam
Return
Condensate
Consumer
Make-up Water
De aeration
Feed water
Blow-down
Boiler feeding Pump
Filtration
Unit
e.g.
Reservoir
Ion Exchanger,
of Feed water
Reverse Osmosis
Softeners
Chemical Dosing
Steam Boiler
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Classification of Boiler
Systems
Low Pressure Boiler
Operating pressure up to 68 bar

High Pressure Boiler
operating pressure above 68 bar 
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‫‪ #‬وجود الأكسجين الذائب بالمياه وتأثيره‬
‫‪ #‬ارتفاع نسبة الأس الهيدروجينى ) ‪(pH‬‬
‫أو انخفاضه‪ ( .‬ارتفاع القلوية أو الحمضية)‬
‫‪ #‬إرتفاع درجة الحرارة‪.‬‬
‫‪ #‬نوعية مياه التعويض‪.‬‬
‫‪ #‬االمالح العالقة‬
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‫العالقة بين مياة التعويض والتآكل‬
‫‪‬‬
‫كيفية تحديد العالقة ‪.‬‬
‫اوال ‪ :‬التحليل الكيمائى لمياة التعويض‪.‬‬
‫‪RIZENER INDX‬‬
‫ثانيا‪ :‬ربط التحليل بمعامل الريزنر‬
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‫العالقة بين االكسجين الذائب في المياه و درجة الحرارة‬
C°
O2
25
8.11
30
7.53
35
7.04
40
6.59
45
6.10
50
5.57
55
5.20
60
4.76
65
4.30
70
3.70
75
3.40
80
2.89
85
2.20
90
1.63
95
0.80
100
0.1
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Corrosion Of Steel
VS Boiler Water pH
RELATIVE CORROSIVE ATTACK
CORROSION OF STEEL VS
BOILER WATER pH
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
pH
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‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ضبط ‪pH‬‬
‫ترشيح جيد للمياه إلزالة األمالح العالقة‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫إزالة االكسجين ميكانيكيا ( بالتسخين )‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ضبط األمالح الكلية ( ‪) TDS‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫المعالجة الكيميائية‬
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DEAERATOR
FEED TANK
Boiler Water Limits and
Steam Purity
(1)
Drum pressure
psig
0-300
301-450
451-600
601-750
751-900
901-1000
1001-1800
TDS ppm (2)
700-3500
600-3000
500-2500
200-1000
150-750
125-625
100
Total alkalinity
ppm (3)
140-700
120-600
100-500
40-200
30-150
25-125
(4)
(1) Approved by ASME
(2) Changes according to TDS of B.F.W.
(3) Changes according to TDS of B.F.W.
(4) Determined depending on boiler water treatment
program
(5) Silica is not included
Total suspended
solids ppm max
15
10
8
3
2
1
1
TDS in Steam
(expected) (3-5)
0,2-1,0
0,2-1,0
0,2-1,0
0,1-0,5
0,1-0,5
0,1-0,5
0,1
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‫‪ ‬هى امالح تخرج من محلولها فى صورة امالح عالقة‬
‫‪ ‬ويتم ذلك بتأثير الحرارة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬وتتسبب فى حدوث قشرة صلبة على جدار المواسير‬
55
70
50
90
105
100
120
150
150
180
180
180
200
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
‫االمالح الشائعة المسببة للقشرة‬
Scale Problem (In Boiler )
Scale After Treatment
‫األمالح العالقة‬
Suspended Solids
‫‪ ‬بعض االمالح العالقة مثل‪.‬‬
‫األتربة‬
‫الرمال‬
‫بعض الملوثات مثل الزيوت‬
‫ارتفاع نسبة االمالح الذائبة عن الحد‬
‫المطلوب‬
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‫المشكالت التى تسببها األمالح العالقة‬
Corrosion
‫التآكل الميكانيكي‬
Scale
‫الترسيبات‬
Foaming
‫الفوران‬
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Lime Softening
Mode of action

Addition of lime milk Ca(OH)2
Elemination of carbonate hardness and carbon dioxide
Reactions
 Precipitation of Ca-hydrogen carbonate
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2  2CaCO3  + 2 H2O

Neutralization of carbon dioxide CO2
CO2 + Ca(OH)2  CaCO3  + H2O
Disadvantage
 Disposal of calcium carbonate sludge
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Ion Exchange / Basics
Mode of action
 Physical-chemical methods
 Up-take of specific ions to the ion exchanger resin
 Delivery of an equivalent amount of different
equally charged ions
Kinds of ion exchangers
 Cationic ion exchanger
 Anionic ion exchanger
 Mixed bed ion exchanger
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‫التحليل الكيمائى لمياة التعويض‬
‫‪DEIONIZE‬‬
‫‪R WATER‬‬
‫‪SOFTENE‬‬
‫‪D WATER‬‬
‫‪CITY‬‬
‫‪WATER‬‬
‫نوع التحليل‬
‫‪6.0-7.5‬‬
‫‪7.6‬‬
‫‪7.5‬‬
‫‪pH‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪Ca H‬‬
‫عسر الكالسيوم‬
‫‪<10‬‬
‫‪140‬‬
‫‪140‬‬
‫‪M ALK‬‬
‫القلوية الكلية‬
‫‪<10‬‬
‫‪250‬‬
‫‪250‬‬
‫‪TDS‬‬
‫االمالح الذائبة‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪TEMP.‬‬
‫درجة حرارة‬
‫‪30 MPY‬‬
‫‪3.2 MPY‬‬
‫‪Corrosion‬‬
‫‪Rate‬‬
‫‪60 MPY‬‬
Questions
My Regards
Ayman Awny
RESAT EGYPT
WATER TREATMENT
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