CASA RPAS REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT Jim Coyne CASA - Manager of Future Technology and Regulatory Trends ICAO - Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Group Chair DE HAVILLAND.
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CASA RPAS REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT Jim Coyne CASA - Manager of Future Technology and Regulatory Trends ICAO - Unmanned Aircraft Systems Study Group Chair
DE HAVILLAND DH60 GYPSY MOTH 1929
OVERVIEW
• Terminology • Regulations • Airworthiness and Certification • Detect and Avoid Technology • Airspace Integration • Spectrum Issues • Issues and Challenges • CASA Regulatory Developments
UAS IN CONTEXT
• • • •
UAV – Common lexicon – General populous refers to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles An Unmanned Aircraft (UA) is an aircraft, therefore the majority of the ICAO/CASA requirements will apply/be affected Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) consists of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) + Remote Pilot Station + Command, Control, Communications (C3) Link ICAO and CASA addressing entire system
TERMINOLOGY
Unmanned aircraft system Remotely-piloted aircraft Remote pilot station Remotely-piloted aircraft system Remote pilot Remote Pilot License Remote crew member RPA observer UAS operator certificate Detect and avoid UAS RPA RPS RPAS RPL UOC D&A (umbrella term) (RPA+RPS+C2) (AOC comp.)
REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (RPAS)
A RPAS consists of: • The Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) • Remote Pilot Station(s) (RPS) • The Command and Control (C2) data link • Communication Link • Other system elements as required, eg., software, health monitoring, D&A, ATC communications equipment, a flight termination system, and launch and recovery elements.
Current Regulation - CASR Part 101
• CASR Part 101 – Unmanned Aircraft, Rockets and Model Aircraft – Subpart 101.F - Regulations for the operations of UAV systems • To operate a RPA under 150 kg: – No airworthiness requirements – Operational requirements • To operate a RPA above 150 kg must have: – Personnel approval and UAS Operating Certificate – Certificate of Registration – Maintenance Program – Certificate of Airworthiness • Experimental or Restricted category
Airworthiness Requirements
• Certificate of Airworthiness
– Experimental Certificate
• Requires no Type Certification
– Restricted Category
• Requires Type Certification
TYPE CERTIFICATION
• RPA will have to demonstrate compliance similar to that of manned aircraft. • Brings new complexities to the subject of certification.
• Likely that components will be located in different States.
• Unique RPAS equipment not addressed in the current regulations which will be more critical because of the potential magnitude of their impact. (eg FPV)
CASA Certification Requirements
Manned Aircraft Structures/Fatigue Cabin Safety Crashworthiness Mechanical Systems Propulsion Systems Avionics Flight test Unmanned Aircraft System Structures/Fatigue Frangibility Mechanical Systems Propulsion Systems Avionics Remote Pilot Station Data link Flight test
RPAS PRODUCTS/APPROVAL
• Design of RPA, RPS and RPAS – 3 aviation products / type approvals • Production – Certificate of airworthiness for RPA – Certificate of conformity for RPS – Certificate of suitability for use for RPAS –1 RPAS includes 1 RPA and one or more RPS • Continuing airworthiness • Relationship between TC holder and Comms Service Providers
DETECT AND AVOID
• Technology still to be developed • Current technology inadequate for requirements • Working with ICAO and other NAAs • Working with Australian Research Organisations
INTEGRATION INTO NON-SEGREGATED AIRSPACE
• Technologies to be developed – ACAS is not good enough – ADS-B equivalent – Radar equivalent – Sight equivalent • Flight over Populous Areas
Spectrum Requirements
• RPAS take up a huge amount of bandwidth.
• ICAO is supporting the development of a common position on bandwidth and frequency spectrum requirements for command and control of UAS • CASA is working with ACMA and Airservices to standardise on a common goal for Australia
Issues and Challenges
• Training and Licensing • Airspace integration • Autonomous emergency capability • Detect and Avoid • Certification • Bandwidth and frequency spectrum requirements • Regulatory framework • Public perception • How are we doing this?
CASA REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS
•Project OS 11/20
: - CASR Part 101 review - AC101-1 rewrite •
Current Research:
- Small UAS Potential Harm Analysis
Project OS 11/20 – Review of Regulations and Guidance Material relating to UAS Objectives
•To provide more comprehensive guidance to industry •Consider the long term integration into all classes of airspace
Project Objective cont…
The Project will be undertaken in two phases:
Phase 1
• CASR Part 101 review and amendment – NPRM planned within next month: » Brings the terminology in line with ICAO, » Reviewing the weight classification as part of the Small UAS Potential Harm Analysis research project • Develop a suite of Advisory Circulars: – AC 101-1 - General – AC 101-4 - Training and Licensing – AC 101-5 – Operations – AC 101-9 – Operator Certification
Project Objective cont….
Phase 2
• Development of new CASR Part 102 • Separate from model aircraft, rockets, balloons • Further development of the weight classes
CONCLUSION
• New terminology that goes with this new technology • Level of Regulations needed to address the safe, secure and efficient integration of RPA into non-segregated airspace and aerodromes.
• Airworthiness Issues and Type Certification • Technology needs to be developed for Detect and Avoid • Airspace Integration Issues • Spectrum Challenges • Issues and Challenges facing the UAS community • CASA RPAS Regulatory Developments