Transcript Design and Realization of HF Station Prototype James Baskaradas#, Anna Lisa Saverino*, Amerigo Capria*. #INGV, Roma *RaSS - CNIT, Pisa.

Design and Realization
of HF Station Prototype
James Baskaradas#,
Anna Lisa Saverino*,
Amerigo Capria*.
#INGV,
Roma
*RaSS - CNIT, Pisa
Overview of the presentation
Introduction
Technology Overview
Tx/Rx Antenna System
Transmitter Architecture
Receiver Architecture
Chirp experiment
PSK experiment
Conclusion
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Aim
Design and Development of a Robust HF (shortwave)
radio link.
Full transceiver;
Main critical
aspects
Low power;
Remote controlled;
Modular and Reconfigurable
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Analog
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ASIC/SOC
High resolution TDC
25 ps binning
~5 man years design
~2 man years test and design fix
Total design price: ~1 million $
Production cost: 10$/chip
Production volume: ~50k chips
Total production cost: 500k$
Image from presentation of Dr.,Jorgen Christiansen,CERN
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Hybrid
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Tx/RX Antenna System
Gain(dBi)
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Frequency(MHz)
< -13
1-2
-13
2
-6
3
-3
5
1
7.5
0
10
0
20
-1
>20
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Transmitter Architecture
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Transmitter Architecture:USRP
USRP N210 features
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Dual 100MS/s, 14-bit ADC;
Dual 400MS/s, 16-bit DAC;
DDC/DUC with 25mHz resolution;
Up to 50MS/s Gigabit Ethernet streaming;
Gigabit Ethernet interface to host;
Fully coherent MIMO capability.
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Transmitter Architecture:USRP
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Transmitter Architecture: HPA
Type
Class AB MOSFET
Frequency
100kHz-30MHz
Rated power
500W
Cooling
Forced air, front to rear
Mains power
110-240V,50-60Hz,single phase,
500VA/750VA/1.5kVA max
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Receiver Architecture
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Receiver Architecture: BPF
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Receiver Architecture:LNA
Model: ZFL-1000LN+
Company: Mini-Circuits
Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)
Operative Band
0.1 MHz – 1000 MHz
Noise Figure
2.9 dB
Gain
20dB
Output power versus frequency
Gain versus frequency
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Tx/Rx Synchronization
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SWING Node locations
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Chirp Experiment : why ?
• wide band of usable frequency from ionospheric prediction
• disturbed link channel (ionosphere)
Single reconfigurable hardware for :
• probing the ionosphere (including non-reciprocity* of channel)
• HF communication terminal
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Chirp Experiment : How ?
Fine frequency step (0,001Hz) to avoid unwanted
noise in the output spectrum
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Chirp Experiment : Transmitter
Transmitter station
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Frequency sweep
1 MHz – 30MHz
Frequency step
0,001Hz
scan rate
<= 100kHz
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Chirp Experiment : Receiver -1
Receiver station
Spectrum monitor receiver
Chirp receiver
User Interface of the Spectrum monitor Receiver
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Chirp Experiment : Receiver -2
User interface of the Chirp Receiver
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Chirp Experiment : Results -1/2
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Chirp Experiment : Results -1/2
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Transmitter Power
20W
Received signal power
-95,67dBm
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Chirp Experiment : Results -2/2
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PSK Experiment
Aim
Design and Development of a demonstrator for data
transmission over HF radio links.
Extreme space and time-varying propagation
channel;
Experiment
Issues
External interference (congestion of the HF
band);
High background noise level.
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PSK Experiment
Simulated
Scenario
Simulation
equipment
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Connection type: point-to-point;
Carrier frequency : single;
Modulation type: PSK.
USRP Hardware;
LabVIEW programming language.
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PSK Experiment
Receiver functions
Transmitter functions
Convert the message to bits;
Rearrange the bit-stream in packets;
Apply modulation;
Write to USRP for the transmission.
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Apply demodulation;
Check for valid packets and
organization in the correct order;
Full text reconstruction.
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PSK Experiment
Transmitter/Receiver User Interface
Received Message
Raw Received Signal
USRP IP Address
1.I/Q rate:
Specifies the sample rate
of the baseband I/Q data
for Tx or Rx in samples per
second (S/s);
2.Carrier :
Carrier frequency in Hz of
the RF signal;
2.Gain:
Specifies the gain, in dB,
applied to the RF signal
for Rx and Tx;.
2.TX/RX antenna:
Refers to the connectors
on the device front panel;
Actual TX/RX Parameters
Refers to a Tx/Rx values supported by the device.
Eb/N0
Specifies the desired Eb/N0 of the output
complex waveform in dB;
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Tx/RX Constellation Graph
Specifies the detected symbol locations and
the transitions between those symbols;
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PSK Experiment
Transmitter/Receiver Modulation Interface
Sets the type of modulation
and parameters for a pulse
shaping filter.
Modulation Type
Spectrum with noise
Spectrum of transmitted
base-band complex
waveform with noise
Pulse shaping and matched Filters
This filter is applied to each symbol to:
1. Reduce the amplitude and phase transition of modulated signal;
2. Reduce Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI);
3. Maximize the SNR
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PSK Experiment
Transmitter Packet Interface
1.Guard Band:
Protects against the filter
effect;
Constellation Graph:
2.Sync Seq:
Shows how the detected
symbol locations and
the transitions between
those symbols are
modified by the
presence of the noise.
Is the sequence for the
carrier and clock recovery;
3. Packet Number:
Is used to reorder the
packets and to detect
missing packets;
4. Data :
Represents the length of
the useful data;
5. Pad Data:
Represents the number of
the samples appended at
the end of the signal in
order to have a constant
packet size;
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PSK Experiment
Receiver Debug Interface
Error out
Represents error information
Correct Packet Rx
Represents the number
of the correct received
packets
Sync Found
Checks for valid packet
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Conclusion
Design and Development of the
SWING demonstrator
Simulation equipment
USRP:
1. SDR implementation;
2. Low cost and extremely flexible solution;
LabVIEW:
1. General purpose software for data processing and
instruments control.
USRP and HF band
Good candidate for the implementation of HF communication
because it can directly sample the entire HF band.
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Conclusion
Main activities
Frequency selection in order to establish the HF link (Chirp
experiment):
1. Ionospheric channel;
2. External noise level;
Design and Development of a demonstrator for data
transmission over HF radio links (PSK experiment):
1. Modulation type: PSK;
2. Single carrier;
The functionality of the system has been experimentally
demonstrated in a closed-loop configuration. Moreover the effect of
additive white Gaussian noise has been evaluated by using a set of
different signal to noise ratios.
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Conclusion
Future Developments
PSK and Chirp demonstrators : Integration
PSK and HF link : Experimental validation
Realization of a Fully Automated System:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Spectral sensing (low noise, HF band occupancy);
Ionospheric monitoring;
Optimal frequency selection (chirp system);
Data transmission over HF link (PSK system)
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THE END
Thank you for your attention!
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