Transcript Solutions to housing problems Cases of MDCs and LDCs cities Solutions to housing problems in MDCs 1.

Solutions to housing
problems
Cases of MDCs and LDCs cities
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Solutions to housing problems
in MDCs
1. development of new town / satellite town / self –
contained settlement
9 new towns of 3 generations in HK
2. Urban renewal
remove slums in the inner city
rehouse over spilling population
New town development
first generation new towns: Tsuen Wan, Shatin, Tuen
Mun
second generation new towns: Tai Po,
Fanling/Sheung Shui, Yuen Long
third generation new towns: Tseung Kwan O, Tin Shui
Wai, Tung Chung
New Development areas
(NDA)
Kwu Tung North, Fanling North, Ping Che/Ta Kwu
Ling (3 in 1scheme)
Hung Shui Kiu
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Problems of Setting up new towns
1. Tremendous sum of investment funds
- deficits / inflation
2. Huge volume of administration and manage work / burder
3. Resident in housing estates
- gaining for much benefits
4. difficult to resettlement in new town
- not completed infrastructure
5. transport problems between inner city and new towns social
problems
6. new town = juvenile delinquency
inner city = aging problems
7. new houses, rent ↑ , housing problem worsened
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Urban renewal
It is the redevelopment or regeneration of older
districts, whose environmental conditions are
considered to be below the current expectation
Change of land uses: residential  commercial or
industrial  residential / commercial
Before and after renewal
Purposes of urban renewal
improvement of urban morphology, i.e. neat arrangement of
tall buildings with wider roads and easier accessibility
in line of the principles of sustainable development
reduction in plot ratio / building density
preservation of heritage / skyline / coastline
solution of shortage problems of open space and
community facilities
provision of more useful land for the developers
redistribution of urban poulation to new towns in suburbs
Problems of urban renewal
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piecemeal in nature
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preserved for cultural and historical reasons
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landowners wait for higher market price
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difficult to trace property ownership
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expensive and time-consuming , high
compensation cost
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Requisition by force arouses serious political
controversies and social unrest
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rehouse / resettlement
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2003 灣仔重建計劃
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2000 Diamond Hill Clearance
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Solutions to housing problems
in LDC
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1.
Upgrade the squatters and shanty town
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through financial aids from government
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loans from the World Bank
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Case:
In Zambia
the city council has cooperated with squatter settlement
to provide fresh water supplies
In Colombia
the low cost housing is being built by the poor
people with the materials provided by the
government
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Kenya, self-help scheme
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However
considerable amount of money
demand for housing high
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2. Increase Job Opportunities in Rural Sector
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slow down rural – urban migration
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stem the growth of slums
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Case:
In Zambia，Operation of food production program
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3. Control the migratory flows
encouraging the foreign investments and public
expenditure in small cities
↓ pressure on houses in primate city ↓
4. Birth control
Case Discussion
Urban Problem (Housing Problems) in LDC
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Functional
Zones
in LDCs
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POOR
a Brazilian city
POOR
RICH
Functional Zones
in LDCs
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Inner Zone
Traffic congestion
Large and luxurious apartments
Modern high-rise buildings
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Outer Zone
lower-class zone
migrants from rural areas live there
this is shanty town without adequate basic amenities
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CASES –
Shanty settlements
Calcutta，India
tens of thousands people / 60% population live in
squatters with wattle and mud(in1996)
Calcutta
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Rio de Janeiro，Brazil
30% of population live in shanty towns in1996
on hillsides (fire/landslides)
Shanty houses are constructed from wood
corrugated iron
no running water，electricity
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Other problems
Lack of social welfare and facilities
Lack of clean drinking water– give rise to cholera
Public transport systems is outdated and poor
Unemployment / crime