Transcript AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM מבוא לאיסלאם مقدمة لالسالم with Dr. Seth Ward Religious Studies University of Wyoming Early Islamic Conquests “HADITH OF GABRIEL” Muslim, Hadith Chapter 1: Book 001,

AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM
‫מבוא לאיסלאם‬
‫مقدمة لالسالم‬
with
Dr. Seth Ward
Religious Studies
University of Wyoming
Early Islamic Conquests
“HADITH OF GABRIEL”
Muslim, Hadith Chapter 1: Book 001, Number 0001:
Umar ibn al-Khattab, told me: One day we were sitting in
the company of Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him)
when there appeared before us a man dressed in pure
white clothes, his hair extraordinarily black. There were
no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized
him. At last he sat with the Apostle (peace be upon him)
He knelt before him placed his palms on his thighs and
said:
Muhammad, inform me about al-Islam (submission to God).
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Al-Islam
implies that you testify that there is no god but Allah and
that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and you
establish prayer, pay Zakat, observe the fast of
Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you
are solvent enough (to bear the expense of) the journey.
He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth.
• He (the inquirer) said: Inform me
about Iman (faith).
• He (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm
your faith in Allah, in His angels, in His
Books, in His Apostles, in the Day of
Judgment, and you affirm your faith in the
Divine Decree about good and evil.
• He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth.
• He (the inquirer) again said: Inform me about alIhsan (performance of good deeds).
• He (the Holy Prophet) said: That you worship
Allah as if you are seeing Him, for though
you don't see Him, He, verily, sees you.
• He (the enquirer) again said: Inform me about
the hour (of the Doom).
• He (the Holy Prophet) remarked: One who is
asked knows no more than the one who is
inquiring (about it).
• He (the inquirer) said: Tell me some of its
indications.
• He (the Holy Prophet) said: That the slavegirl will give birth to her mistress and master,
that you will find barefooted, destitute goatherds vying with one another in the
construction of magnificent buildings.
Islamic Beliefs: the Five Pillars
1. Shahada—testimony
2. Salat—Prayer
3. Sawm—Fasting
4. Zakat-Alms
5. Hajj-Pilgrimage
Shahada: Testimony
There is no God but God,
Muhammad is the Messenger of
God
Compare ‫יגר שהדותא‬
Salat
• 5 times a day
• In the hadith of the “Night Journey and
Ascent to Heaven” Muhammad goes to
the 7th heaven and receives the command
regarding prayer.
• Term is the same as Aramaic ‫צלותא‬
selotha used by Christians and Jews.
God, forgive me and have mercy upon me and guide me and
give me health and strength and sustenance
Some prayers from Posture 8 omitted
Prayer Timings & Raka'as (Units)
Salat Prayer
Timing
Fardh
(Oblig
atory)
Sunnah
Raka'
as
(Units)
Before Fardh
After Fardh
Fajr
(Morning)
Between the very beginning of dawn and
sunrise
2
2
None
Dhuhr (Noon)
Between the declining of the sun & Asr
4
4
2
Asr (Late
Afternoon)
It starts when the shadow of an object is
equivalent to its height until (just before) the
sunset; whereas in the Hanafi method it
starts when the shadow of an object is twice
its height until (just before) the sunset
4
None
None
Maghrib
(Evening)
Soon after the sunset until the disappearance
of the twilight
3
None
2
None
2
Also prayer
(Witr) after
Ishaa
3
Isha (Night)
After the disappearance of the twilight until
midnight
4
The above table contains only Fard, Witr and emphasized Sunnah (Sunnah Muakkadah) prayers.
WORLD WIDE PRAYER TIMES: http://www.islamicity.com/prayertimes/
Zakat ‫زكوة‬
• Term is the same as ‫זכות‬
• Sadaqa is used for “extra” alms.
• Can be given to any deserving poor (not
only Muslim).
Zakat Calculation
Some Zakat calculators on-line:
http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/zakat/zakat_calculator.shtml
http://www.hidaya.org/zakat-calculator.html
In order to calculate your zakat, please fill all of the fields. Please
note that Women’s jewelry is not subject to Zakat unless its
amount is excessive or the jewelry is not being used.
• 1. Cash on hand and in bank accounts (savings, checking)
• 2. Refundable deposits (e.g. on rented apartment)
• 3. Non-delinquent loans (money you loaned to others)
• 4. Expected Tax refund
• 5. Gold and its certificate
• 6. Shares, stocks, bonds, IRA, pension plans, options, etc.
• 7. Business cash on hand and in banks plus invoices due.
• 8. Business inventory Enter $0 if less than Nisab.
• 9. Net income you are entitled to as of Zakat due date.
• 10. Your liabilities
Ramadan
• http://moonsighting.com/
http://quran.com/2/185
Moon
Sighting
Hajj--Pilgrimage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaba
Imam Hussein Mosque Karbalah
Six Beliefs
•
•
•
•
•
•
God
Angels
Prophets
Books
Judgment
Divine Power and Determination
Conclusions
• Many practices are “continuous” with those of Judaism
• Pilgrimage has many features of the three Jewish
pilgrimage festivals (Shalosh Regalim). Ramadan comes
inexhorably, like the Sabbath. Prayer, alms, and
“testimony” have points of contact—and the Islamic
names are all based on words commonly used in
Aramaic by Christians and Jews for similar practices.
• As in Judaism, Christianity and any other system, the
basic rituals
– inculcate central beliefs,
– shape patterns of behaving to confirm them, and
– build a sense of belonging—identity as part of a group
committed to those beliefs.
The First Chapter of the Qur'an
In the Name of Allah, the Merciful, the
Compassionate!
Praise belongs to God, the Lord of the
Worlds.
The All Merciful, the Compassionate,
Master of the Day of Judgment.
Thee only do we serve, to Thee alone do we
pray for help.
Guide us on the Straight Path. The Path of
those whom Thou has graced; not of those
against whom Thou art wrathful, nor of those
who are astray.