An Overview on BLUETOOTH Jaap Haartsen Ericsson Mobile Communications The Netherlands *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners. **The Bluetooth Specification.
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Transcript An Overview on BLUETOOTH Jaap Haartsen Ericsson Mobile Communications The Netherlands *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners. **The Bluetooth Specification.
An Overview on
BLUETOOTH
Jaap Haartsen
Ericsson Mobile Communications
The Netherlands
*Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners.
**The Bluetooth Specification is still preliminary.All information regarding
Bluetooth is subject to change without notice.
PHYSICAL INTEGRATION
Cell phone
PDA
communicator
storage
notebook
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
2
FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION
headset
PDA
mobiele
telefoon
extern
geheugen
notebook
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
3
DESIGN GOALS
low cost
low energy consumption
robust operation
high aggregate capacity
flexible usage
multi-media support
global usage
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
4
WHAT DOES BLUETOOTH DO?
Personal Ad-hoc Networks
Cable Replacement
Data/Voice Access Points
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Oct 1999
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Harald Blåtand “Bluetooth” II
King of Denmark 940-981
This is one of two Runic stones erected
in his capitol city of Jelling
The stone’s inscription (“runes”) say:
Harald christianized the Danes
Harald made piece
Harald thinks notebooks and cellular
phones should be seamlessly connected
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Oct 1999
6
GLOBAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
Interoperability
Special Interest Group
5 promoters (ERICSSON, NOKIA, IBM, TOSHIBA, INTEL)
over 1000 adopters
Definition of radio en link protocol
Definition of profiles
License free
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
7
BLUETOOTH STACK
Applications
TCP/IP HID RFCOMM
Data
L2CAP
Link Manager
Baseband
RF
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
RF
Oct 1999
8
BLUETOOTH RF INTERFACE
ISM band at 2.45 GHz
79 carriers at 1 MHz spacing
FHSS with nom. 1600 hops/s
GFSK modulation
1 Mb/s maximal
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Oct 1999
9
RECEIVER SPECIFICATIONS
RXsens
-70 dBm
C/Ico-channel
11 dB
PRadj._1MHz
0 dB
PRadj._2MHz
-30 dB
PRadj._>2MHz
-40 dB
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Oct 1999
10
TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS
PTX_nom
0 dBm
PTX_max (power control)
-20 dBc BW
freq. accuracy
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
+20 dBm
1 MHz
±75 kHz
Oct 1999
11
BLUETOOTH STACK
Applications
TCP/IP HID RFCOMM
Data
L2CAP
Link Manager
Baseband
RF
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
BASEBAND
Oct 1999
12
PICONET
slave 3
slave 1
master
slave 2
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
13
PHYSICAL CHANNEL
master BD_ADDR sequence
master CLOCK
phase
slave 2
slave 1
master
slave 3
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
slave 4
Oct 1999
14
HOP SELECTION
phase
NATIVE CLK
HOP
sequence
offset
MASTER BD_ADDR
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
15
HIGH CAPACITY
Freq.
time
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Oct 1999
16
ADDRESSING
Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR)
48-bit IEEE 802 address
24-bit lower address part (LAP)
8-bit upper address part (UAP)
Active Member Address (AM_ADDR)
3-bit active slave address
all-zero broadcast address
Parked Member Address (PM_ADDR)
8-bit parked slave address
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Oct 1999
17
CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT
INQUIRY
PAGE
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
CONNECTION
Oct 1999
18
INQUIRY
A
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Oct 1999
19
MAKING CONNECTIONS
D
slave
D
slave C
A
master A
B
slave B
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Oct 1999
20
FH/TDD CHANNEL
f(2k)
f(2k+1)
f(2k+2)
master
t
slave
t
625 ms
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Oct 1999
21
PACKET FORMAT
72
0-2745
54
access code packet header
payload
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Oct 1999
22
ACCESS CODE
34
24
6
BCH
LAP
BRK
4
PREAMBLE
64
SYNC WORD
LSB
4
TRAILER
MSB
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
23
PACKET HEADER
3
AM_ADDR
4
TYPE
1
1
FLOW
ARQN
1
SEQN
parameter
information
AM_ADDR
slave active member address
TYPE
payload type
FLOW
LC flow control
ARQN
ACK/NAK
SEQN
retransmit ordering
HEC
header error check
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
8
HEC
Oct 1999
24
PHYSICAL LINK DEFINITION
SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-ORIENTED (SCO) LINK
circuit switching
symmetric, synchronous services
slot reservation at fixed intervals
ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-LESS (ACL) LINK
packet switching
(a)symmetric, asynchronous services
polling access scheme
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
25
MIXED LINK EXAMPLE
SCO
ACL
SCO
ACL
ACL
SCO
SCO
ACL
MASTER
SLAVE 1
SLAVE 2
SLAVE 3
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Oct 1999
26
MULTI-SLOT PACKETS
625 ms
f(k)
f(k+1)
f(k+2)
f(k)
f(k+3)
f(k+4)
f(k+5)
f(k+3)
f(k+4)
f(k+5)
f(k)
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
f(k+5)
Oct 1999
27
PACKET TYPES
segment
type
1
0000
0001
0010
0011
2
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
SCO link ACL link
NULL
POLL
FHS
DM1
NULL
POLL
FHS
DM1
DH1
HV1
HV2
HV3
DV
AUX1
3
1010
1011
1100
1101
DM3
DH3
4
1110
1111
DM5
DH5
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Oct 1999
28
DATA RATES
type
symmetric
asymmetric
DM1
108.8
108.8
108.8
DH1
172.8
172.8
172.8
DM3
258.1
387.2
54.4
DH3
390.4
585.6
86.4
DM5
286.7
477.8
36.3
DH5
433.9
723.2
57.6
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Oct 1999
29
AUTOMATIC RETRANSMISSION
A
B
B
X
C
MASTER
SLAVE 1
G
F
H
Z
SLAVE 2
Z
NAK
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
ACK
Oct 1999
30
FAST ARQ
RX
ACK/NAK
CRC check
ACK/NAK
retransmission
TX
new
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Oct 1999
31
LINK CONTROL PACKETS
ID packet
NULL packet
POLL packet
FHS packet
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Oct 1999
32
FHS PACKET
BD_ADDR
DAC
AM_ADDR
class of device
paging class
real-time clock
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Oct 1999
33
OPERATIONAL STATES
stand-by, scan
page, inquiry
connection
active
hold
sniff
park
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Oct 1999
34
HOLD MODE
ACL
ACL
ACL
ACL
ACL
ACL
ACL
MASTER
LOST
SLAVE 1
HOLD INTERVAL
SLAVE 2
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Oct 1999
35
SNIFF MODE
ACL
ACL
ACL
MASTER
LOST
SLAVE 1
SNIFF INTERVAL
SLAVE 2
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
36
PARK MODE
active slave
master
parked slaves
BEACON
PM_ADDR
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
37
BEACONS
PARK INTERVAL
BC
ACL
ACL
BC
MASTER
SLAVE X
SLAVE 2
SLAVE Y
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Oct 1999
38
SCATTERNET
LAN
access point
mobile phone
headset
printer
master
laptop
laptop
slave
mouse
master/slave
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Oct 1999
39
BLUETOOTH STACK
Applications
TCP/IP HID RFCOMM
Data
L2CAP
Link Manager
LMP
Baseband
RF
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Oct 1999
40
LMP: PICONET MANAGEMENT
attach and detach slaves
master-slave switch
establishing SCO and ACL links
handling low-power modes
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Oct 1999
41
LMP: LINK CONFIGURATION
supported features
quality of service (packet types)
power control
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Oct 1999
42
LMP: SECURITY
authentication
encryption
key management
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Oct 1999
43
AUTHENTICATION
To verify claimed identity
Challenge-response system
Algorithm E1:
Input: RAND (128 bit), Claimant addr. (48 bit),
link key (128)
Output: SRES (32 bit), ACO (96 bit)
One-sided or mutual authentication
ACO = Authenticated Ciphering Offset
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Oct 1999
44
ENCRYPTION
To prevent (un)intentional eavesdropping
Stream ciphering
Algorithm E0:
Input: RAND (128 bit), master addr./clock,
Kc (128 bit)
Output: cipher stream
LFSR restart for every slot
Encrytion of payload only
Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
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Oct 1999
45
KEY TYPES
Link keys
Encryption key
Temporary
Master
Key
Semi-permanent
Unit
Key
Combination
Key
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Initialization
Key
Oct 1999
46
BLUETOOTH STACK
Applications
TCP/IP HID RFCOMM
Data
L2CAP
L2CAP
Link Manager
Baseband
RF
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
47
LOGICAL LINK CONTROL &
ADAPTATION PROTOCOL
multiplexing
segmentation & reassembly
quality of service
groups
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
48
PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
Connection-oriented:
channel ID used to label connection
channel assumed full-duplex
QoS flow specification assigned to each direction
Datagram based, no streams
packet boundaries are preserved
Relies on baseband layer for data integrity and
delivery in order
Connectionless:
supports group abstraction
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
49
PACKET FORMAT
Length
(16 bits)
DCID
(16 bits)
Payload
(0-65535 bytes)
Short L2CAP Packet Header (low overhead)
Length (of payload)
Destination Channel ID
Payload:
Data received from and sent to the network layer
Maximum transmission unit (MTU) limits payload sizes
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
50
SEGMENTATION & REASSEMBLY
L2CAP packet
L2CAP
Header
L2CAP Payload
Baseband packet
Access Code
(72)
Header
(54)
Payload
Header
CRC
Use logical channel information from Baseband to
determine start of an L2CAP packet
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
51
SAR EXAMPLE
Source
Destination
Datagram
Datagram
1 to 1 mapping
L2CAP Packet
Intermediate
Transport
(e.g. HCI)
Baseband
Packets
L2CAP Packet
f1
f2
f3
f4
DH5
DH1
DH5
DH1
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
f1
DH5
f2
DH1
DH5
DH1
Oct 1999
52
QUALITY OF SERVICE
Application
Application
Configuration Request
L2CAP
Scheduling of
L2CAP messages
Link Configuration:
QoS Negotiation
HCI
QoS Parameter
Link Manager /
Link Controller
L2CAP
Scheduling of
L2CAP messages
HCI
Polling
Polling (BB)
Link Manager /
Link Controller
Polling (BB)
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
53
SOFTWARE STACK
Still Image
HID
Service Discovery
WAE
vCard/vCal
WAP
OBEX
TCP/UDP
Audio
Printing
RFCOMM
IP
TCS
L2CAP
Host Controller Interface
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
54
HOST CONTROL INTERFACE (HCI)
Bluetooth Host
Host Controller
Interface (HCI)
provides a common
interface between the
Bluetooth Host and
the Bluetooth Module
Host Drives and Applications
Bluetooth HCI driver
Bluetooth HCI Transport driver
(USB, PC Card, PCI)
HCI
Transport Bus
HCI Transport Firmware
Bluetooth Host Controller
Link Manager
Bluetooth Baseband
Bluetooth Radio
Bluetooth Module
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
55
HOST CONTROLLER
TRANSPORTS
HCI-USB
Notebook integration
PC add-on
HCI-UART
HCI-RS232
Others will be defined as needed
PCI, 1394, LPC
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Oct 1999
56
PROFILES
Represents default solution for usage
model
Vertical slice through the protocol stack
Basis for interoperability and logo
requirements
Each Bluetooth device supports one or
more profiles
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
57
PROTOCOLS AND PROFILES
applications
protocols
profiles
unit A
unit B
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
58
BLUETOOTH PROFILES
Generic Access Profile
TCS-BIN-based Profiles
Service Discovery
Application Profile
Cordless Phone
Profile
Intercom Profile
Serial Port Profile
Dial-up Networking
Profile
Generic Object Exchange
Profile
File Transfer
Profile
Fax Profile
Object Push Profile
Headset Profile
LAN Access Profile
Synchronization
Profile
Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson
Oct 1999
59
CONCLUSIONS
World standard for ad-hoc connectivity
Specification 1.0 release July 1999
First products Q499/Q100
IEEE 802.15 PAN standardization ongoing
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Oct 1999
60