An Overview on BLUETOOTH Jaap Haartsen Ericsson Mobile Communications The Netherlands *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners. **The Bluetooth Specification.
Download ReportTranscript An Overview on BLUETOOTH Jaap Haartsen Ericsson Mobile Communications The Netherlands *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners. **The Bluetooth Specification.
An Overview on BLUETOOTH Jaap Haartsen Ericsson Mobile Communications The Netherlands *Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners. **The Bluetooth Specification is still preliminary.All information regarding Bluetooth is subject to change without notice. PHYSICAL INTEGRATION Cell phone PDA communicator storage notebook Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 2 FUNCTIONAL INTEGRATION headset PDA mobiele telefoon extern geheugen notebook Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 3 DESIGN GOALS low cost low energy consumption robust operation high aggregate capacity flexible usage multi-media support global usage Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 4 WHAT DOES BLUETOOTH DO? Personal Ad-hoc Networks Cable Replacement Data/Voice Access Points Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 5 Harald Blåtand “Bluetooth” II King of Denmark 940-981 This is one of two Runic stones erected in his capitol city of Jelling The stone’s inscription (“runes”) say: Harald christianized the Danes Harald made piece Harald thinks notebooks and cellular phones should be seamlessly connected Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 6 GLOBAL INDUSTRY STANDARD Interoperability Special Interest Group 5 promoters (ERICSSON, NOKIA, IBM, TOSHIBA, INTEL) over 1000 adopters Definition of radio en link protocol Definition of profiles License free Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 7 BLUETOOTH STACK Applications TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Data L2CAP Link Manager Baseband RF Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson RF Oct 1999 8 BLUETOOTH RF INTERFACE ISM band at 2.45 GHz 79 carriers at 1 MHz spacing FHSS with nom. 1600 hops/s GFSK modulation 1 Mb/s maximal Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 9 RECEIVER SPECIFICATIONS RXsens -70 dBm C/Ico-channel 11 dB PRadj._1MHz 0 dB PRadj._2MHz -30 dB PRadj._>2MHz -40 dB Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 10 TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS PTX_nom 0 dBm PTX_max (power control) -20 dBc BW freq. accuracy Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson +20 dBm 1 MHz ±75 kHz Oct 1999 11 BLUETOOTH STACK Applications TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Data L2CAP Link Manager Baseband RF Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson BASEBAND Oct 1999 12 PICONET slave 3 slave 1 master slave 2 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 13 PHYSICAL CHANNEL master BD_ADDR sequence master CLOCK phase slave 2 slave 1 master slave 3 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson slave 4 Oct 1999 14 HOP SELECTION phase NATIVE CLK HOP sequence offset MASTER BD_ADDR Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 15 HIGH CAPACITY Freq. time Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 16 ADDRESSING Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR) 48-bit IEEE 802 address 24-bit lower address part (LAP) 8-bit upper address part (UAP) Active Member Address (AM_ADDR) 3-bit active slave address all-zero broadcast address Parked Member Address (PM_ADDR) 8-bit parked slave address Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 17 CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT INQUIRY PAGE Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson CONNECTION Oct 1999 18 INQUIRY A Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 19 MAKING CONNECTIONS D slave D slave C A master A B slave B Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 20 FH/TDD CHANNEL f(2k) f(2k+1) f(2k+2) master t slave t 625 ms Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 21 PACKET FORMAT 72 0-2745 54 access code packet header payload Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 22 ACCESS CODE 34 24 6 BCH LAP BRK 4 PREAMBLE 64 SYNC WORD LSB 4 TRAILER MSB Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 23 PACKET HEADER 3 AM_ADDR 4 TYPE 1 1 FLOW ARQN 1 SEQN parameter information AM_ADDR slave active member address TYPE payload type FLOW LC flow control ARQN ACK/NAK SEQN retransmit ordering HEC header error check Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson 8 HEC Oct 1999 24 PHYSICAL LINK DEFINITION SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-ORIENTED (SCO) LINK circuit switching symmetric, synchronous services slot reservation at fixed intervals ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION-LESS (ACL) LINK packet switching (a)symmetric, asynchronous services polling access scheme Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 25 MIXED LINK EXAMPLE SCO ACL SCO ACL ACL SCO SCO ACL MASTER SLAVE 1 SLAVE 2 SLAVE 3 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 26 MULTI-SLOT PACKETS 625 ms f(k) f(k+1) f(k+2) f(k) f(k+3) f(k+4) f(k+5) f(k+3) f(k+4) f(k+5) f(k) Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson f(k+5) Oct 1999 27 PACKET TYPES segment type 1 0000 0001 0010 0011 2 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 SCO link ACL link NULL POLL FHS DM1 NULL POLL FHS DM1 DH1 HV1 HV2 HV3 DV AUX1 3 1010 1011 1100 1101 DM3 DH3 4 1110 1111 DM5 DH5 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 28 DATA RATES type symmetric asymmetric DM1 108.8 108.8 108.8 DH1 172.8 172.8 172.8 DM3 258.1 387.2 54.4 DH3 390.4 585.6 86.4 DM5 286.7 477.8 36.3 DH5 433.9 723.2 57.6 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 29 AUTOMATIC RETRANSMISSION A B B X C MASTER SLAVE 1 G F H Z SLAVE 2 Z NAK Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson ACK Oct 1999 30 FAST ARQ RX ACK/NAK CRC check ACK/NAK retransmission TX new Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 31 LINK CONTROL PACKETS ID packet NULL packet POLL packet FHS packet Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 32 FHS PACKET BD_ADDR DAC AM_ADDR class of device paging class real-time clock Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 33 OPERATIONAL STATES stand-by, scan page, inquiry connection active hold sniff park Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 34 HOLD MODE ACL ACL ACL ACL ACL ACL ACL MASTER LOST SLAVE 1 HOLD INTERVAL SLAVE 2 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 35 SNIFF MODE ACL ACL ACL MASTER LOST SLAVE 1 SNIFF INTERVAL SLAVE 2 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 36 PARK MODE active slave master parked slaves BEACON PM_ADDR Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 37 BEACONS PARK INTERVAL BC ACL ACL BC MASTER SLAVE X SLAVE 2 SLAVE Y Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 38 SCATTERNET LAN access point mobile phone headset printer master laptop laptop slave mouse master/slave Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 39 BLUETOOTH STACK Applications TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Data L2CAP Link Manager LMP Baseband RF Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 40 LMP: PICONET MANAGEMENT attach and detach slaves master-slave switch establishing SCO and ACL links handling low-power modes Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 41 LMP: LINK CONFIGURATION supported features quality of service (packet types) power control Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 42 LMP: SECURITY authentication encryption key management Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 43 AUTHENTICATION To verify claimed identity Challenge-response system Algorithm E1: Input: RAND (128 bit), Claimant addr. (48 bit), link key (128) Output: SRES (32 bit), ACO (96 bit) One-sided or mutual authentication ACO = Authenticated Ciphering Offset Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 44 ENCRYPTION To prevent (un)intentional eavesdropping Stream ciphering Algorithm E0: Input: RAND (128 bit), master addr./clock, Kc (128 bit) Output: cipher stream LFSR restart for every slot Encrytion of payload only Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 45 KEY TYPES Link keys Encryption key Temporary Master Key Semi-permanent Unit Key Combination Key Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Initialization Key Oct 1999 46 BLUETOOTH STACK Applications TCP/IP HID RFCOMM Data L2CAP L2CAP Link Manager Baseband RF Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 47 LOGICAL LINK CONTROL & ADAPTATION PROTOCOL multiplexing segmentation & reassembly quality of service groups Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 48 PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE Connection-oriented: channel ID used to label connection channel assumed full-duplex QoS flow specification assigned to each direction Datagram based, no streams packet boundaries are preserved Relies on baseband layer for data integrity and delivery in order Connectionless: supports group abstraction Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 49 PACKET FORMAT Length (16 bits) DCID (16 bits) Payload (0-65535 bytes) Short L2CAP Packet Header (low overhead) Length (of payload) Destination Channel ID Payload: Data received from and sent to the network layer Maximum transmission unit (MTU) limits payload sizes Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 50 SEGMENTATION & REASSEMBLY L2CAP packet L2CAP Header L2CAP Payload Baseband packet Access Code (72) Header (54) Payload Header CRC Use logical channel information from Baseband to determine start of an L2CAP packet Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 51 SAR EXAMPLE Source Destination Datagram Datagram 1 to 1 mapping L2CAP Packet Intermediate Transport (e.g. HCI) Baseband Packets L2CAP Packet f1 f2 f3 f4 DH5 DH1 DH5 DH1 Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson f1 DH5 f2 DH1 DH5 DH1 Oct 1999 52 QUALITY OF SERVICE Application Application Configuration Request L2CAP Scheduling of L2CAP messages Link Configuration: QoS Negotiation HCI QoS Parameter Link Manager / Link Controller L2CAP Scheduling of L2CAP messages HCI Polling Polling (BB) Link Manager / Link Controller Polling (BB) Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 53 SOFTWARE STACK Still Image HID Service Discovery WAE vCard/vCal WAP OBEX TCP/UDP Audio Printing RFCOMM IP TCS L2CAP Host Controller Interface Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 54 HOST CONTROL INTERFACE (HCI) Bluetooth Host Host Controller Interface (HCI) provides a common interface between the Bluetooth Host and the Bluetooth Module Host Drives and Applications Bluetooth HCI driver Bluetooth HCI Transport driver (USB, PC Card, PCI) HCI Transport Bus HCI Transport Firmware Bluetooth Host Controller Link Manager Bluetooth Baseband Bluetooth Radio Bluetooth Module Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 55 HOST CONTROLLER TRANSPORTS HCI-USB Notebook integration PC add-on HCI-UART HCI-RS232 Others will be defined as needed PCI, 1394, LPC Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 56 PROFILES Represents default solution for usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability and logo requirements Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 57 PROTOCOLS AND PROFILES applications protocols profiles unit A unit B Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 58 BLUETOOTH PROFILES Generic Access Profile TCS-BIN-based Profiles Service Discovery Application Profile Cordless Phone Profile Intercom Profile Serial Port Profile Dial-up Networking Profile Generic Object Exchange Profile File Transfer Profile Fax Profile Object Push Profile Headset Profile LAN Access Profile Synchronization Profile Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 59 CONCLUSIONS World standard for ad-hoc connectivity Specification 1.0 release July 1999 First products Q499/Q100 IEEE 802.15 PAN standardization ongoing Jaap Haartsen, Ericsson Oct 1999 60